Avaliação do sistema alagado construído (SAC) no tratamento de efluentes oriundos de agroindústrias de laticínios.

Abstract

Over the years, agribusinesses had significant growth and technological advances after the great industrial revolutions, which resulted in the use of technological tools for the mechanization of production processes, including Brazil, especially in the Northeast region, focusing on the interior region characterized by small agribusinesses, especially those that benefit dairy products and are responsible for regional and local economic growth. The agroindustrial effluents of this modality present characteristics of a high load of organic and inorganic matter which, when released into the receiving bodies without prior treatment, can cause several negative environmental impacts, contaminating surface and underground waters. Unfortunately, many owners of these family agroindustries do not have a high purchasing power, so that conventional treatment can be implemented. Based on this, the development of alternative, efficient and low-cost technologies for these producers is of paramount importance. In this bias, this research aimed to evaluate the performance of a Constructed Flooded System for the treatment of agro-industrial dairy effluents. The research was carried out at the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal-PB campus, where a SAC was made, composed of a Chinese model biodigester, and two lakes, one composed of a gravel layer and the macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) and the second by a layer of soil + gravel and the species Portulaca oleracea L., samples were collected at strategic points of the treatment and carried out physicochemical analyses. Through the obtained results it was possible to verify the influence of the vegetation on the studied parameters, which resulted in an excellent performance, except for the P and CE parameters, which were not so expressive. However, SAC has become an alternative and promising technology for the treatment of dairy effluents, which can be improved and adapted to a wide range of agro-industrial effluents.