Nutrição parenteral e as contribuições do farmacêutico: uma revisão.

Abstract

Parenteral nutrition (PN) is the intravenous infusion of formulations that will meet the daily nutritional needs of patients who cannot receive oral or enteral nutrition. Over the years, the use of NP has grown a lot, and it increases the chance of survival, in addition to countless other benefits. It should be part of the therapeutic approach for malnourished patients, providing adequate nutritional assistance with the aim of preventing, minimizing or reversing the damage caused in the hospital. Therefore, the pharmacist, together with other professionals in the area, are responsible for preparing a specific nutritional plan for each patient, aiming at better therapy. Based on this scenario, the present study aims to carry out an integrative literature review disseminating on parenteral nutrition and its concepts, as well as emphasizing the contributions of the pharmacist in the administration of PN. Thus, an integrative survey of the last 10 years was carried out in the following databases: Capes Journals, Electronic Libary Online (SciElo), Virtual Health Library (VHL), Science Direct, Pubmed, Medline. Some combinations of keywords related to the theme were used. Thus, a total number of 104 files were found, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 66 were selected to compose this review, and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, they were used in this review. Parenteral nutrition therapy is indicated as a treatment option for patients with total or partial impairment of the GIT, caused by various diseases such as cancer, short bowel syndrome or malnutrition, providing essential nutrients for this type of patient. PN consists of carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, vitamins and minerals and requires instability and incompatibility studies to be administered. The manipulation of parenteral nutrition is the role of the pharmacist, who is also responsible for reviewing the prescription, improving pharmacotherapy, promoting the rational use of this drug, working with a multidisciplinary team, which draws the best plan for each patient, in order to avoid complications that can be caused, such as mechanical, infectious and metabolic complications. Thus, parenteral nutritional therapy (NPT) has become essential in the care and health promotion of patients with poor nutritional status and the pharmacist has become indispensable in the multidisciplinary team. However, more studies are needed to continue the subject and update the data currently available, since the material is scarce and in Brazil there are few studies on this topic.