Alvenaria estrutural e uma análise comparativa entre blocos cerâmicos e de concreto.

Abstract

Many studies seek alternative materials, as well as new methods for civil construction, these studies are of paramount importance, since many issues must be evaluated before choosing, for example, the type of block that will be used in a work. Given the above, this study aims to analyze, through a literature review, the comparison between the use of ceramic blocks and concrete blocks used in structural masonry in relation to the specifications established in the performance standard ABNT NBR 15.575/ 2021. The research is a descriptive and exploratory investigation of the literature review type, a survey of companies that sell ceramic and concrete blocks in the Brazilian territory and cost analysis in companies located in the Northeast region was also carried out. After mapping the factories that sell ceramic and concrete blocks, it is highlighted that, from the point of view of sustainability and transport of materials, it is more important to have factories distributed in several states of the country than large quantities concentrated in locations close to each other. It was observed that the Southeast region has 40.74% and 68.97% of ceramic blocks and concrete block factories, respectively. While the South region has 27.78% and 22.99%; the Northeast, with 25.93% and 6.90%, the Midwest region has 5.55% and 1.15% and the North region has not identified any qualified factory of both materials. The values ​​found both in the literature and in the present work, in relation to cost-effectiveness, show that ceramic blocks come out with a lower unit cost price, being more economically viable. Of the companies analyzed, all met the specifications of the performance standard ABNT NBR 15.575/2021, according to the studies and tests carried out by the companies, the structural ceramic blocks proved to be better and with more advantages for their use in civil construction, guaranteeing more comfort and safety. As for the advantages of structural masonry, it is a fact that its use is a means of saving costs during construction, when compared, for example, with works that use reinforced concrete structures, structural masonry also reduces execution time, reducing the necessary labor and the waste of materials. The disadvantages of structural masonry are due to the impossibility of future alterations and the limitations formwork and measures of the structural blocks, a detail that directly harms the desired architecture. Thus, it is concluded that, from the comparisons between concrete and ceramic blocks, ceramics have better advantages, being an excellent material to be used in structural masonry.