Contribuições do parto humanizado para a redução da violência obstétrica: revisão integrativa da literatura.

Abstract

The act of being born is a physiological process that through the ages underwent transformations propitiated by the development of the society that has contributed or not to the improvement of the practices offered to the binomial at the time of the childbirth. Objective: to carry out an integrative review in the literature about the contributions of humanization practices in childbirth to the reduction of obstetric violence. Method: an integrative review of the literature, carried out in the Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO) library and based on the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE). The following search strategies were used: "Humanized Childbirth AND Maternal Child Health", "Humanized Childbirth AND Home Care" and Humanized Childbirth AND Hospital Care ". The inclusion criteria were: articles available in full in the 10-year period (2008-2018) in Portuguese only. Theses and dissertations and articles duplicated in databases were excluded. The sample consisted of 16 articles. Results: It was evidenced that there are services in the researched areas. being offered to those who seek it and that these spaces offer actions according to the guidelines of the Ministry of Health for Humanized Delivery, through the humanized reception that has the dialogue as the main form of work, as well as the use of procedures with scientific evidence through use of guidance for the supply of liquids and food for the woman patient, use of non-pharmacological methods for pain relief, adoption of non-litho- nomic positions for childbirth, stay in the same room during labor, delivery and postpartum, contact skin and skin at birth, as well as the reduction in the number of Kristeller maneuvers. However, it was also identified the need for changes in relation to public and institutional management, as well as, there is a need for adherence by professionals at the hospital level to the legal methods and principles of the guidelines for the practice of humanized labor nowadays. It was evidenced the need on the part of the user citizens to demand their rights regarding the humanized birth actions according to the principles of the Unified Health System.

Conclusion: there is a need to implement public health actions that can evaluate the existing practices and their effects and , thus being able to formulate specific legislation, and thus improve maternal and neonatal care offered by services in a comprehensive care dimension.