Utilização de catalisadores argilosos aplicados na obtenção do biodiesel de soja e algodão.

Abstract

Studies report the performance of heterogeneous catalysts that offer technical and environmental advantages compared to homogeneous catalysis, which simplifies the purification of mono-alkyl, allows recycling of the solid catalyst throughout his lifetime and minimizes the generation of waste. Furthermore, considerably facilitates the recovery and purification of glycerin. Various solids have been proposed as potential catalysts for the synthesis of biodiesel, such as zeolites, metal oxides, enzymes, clays, to obtain the maximum catalytic capacity. Given the foregoing, there is a need to develop specific studies aimed bentonite clays enhance its use as catalyst in the production of biodiesel. This research will be studied as the catalysts bentonitics as "fresh" and chemically treated, acidification, pillaring and impregnation with M0O3. After preparation of the catalysts were characterized using the following techniques: XRD, EDX, SEM, EDS and BET. For the synthesis of biodiesel will be used to route heterogeneous (six clay catalysts), ethyl alcohol and oils from soybeans and cotton. The transesterification process was tested on two systems of biodiesel production on a laboratory scale, namely: S1 (Batch Reactor with autogenous pressure) and S2 (batch reactor with high pressure). Biodiesel obtained was characterized using the techniques of determination of kinematic viscosity and éster content by gas chromatography. The results of characterization of clays showed that thermal and chemical modifications alter the structure, where as pillared clay showed the best result for viscosity reduction even varying the reaction time. Already clays impregnated realize that the material in the manner "in natura" impregnated showed the best result of reduced viscosity (7,03 mm2/s) and éster content (82,48%), ie, this result is It is well established near the ANP which is 6.0 mm2 / s, As a final result, the better is the tested system S2 because agitation and pressure controlled with the most significant results obtained with soybean oil. Regarding the sample of the clay, the best result was BCN-Mo03, because now only one calcination process, and according to literature samples which go through two or more calcination process, undergoes changes in structure of the pillars, resulting in smaller catalytic capacity.