Transformismo e o sistema da dívida pública brasileira nas definições programáticas do partido dos trabalhadores e no governo Lula (2003-2010).

Abstract

The present research had as general objective to analyze the changes that have occurred in the programmatic definitions of the Workers' Party and in the concrete experience of government (2003-2010) on the payment of the Brazilian public debt The hypothesis that guided this research, and which was confirmed at the end, is that the PT throughout its history underwent a "transformism" what prevented it when arriving at the government, to oppose to the dictates of the financial capital, seeking to construct a class conciliation, a "humanization of capitalism". The PT emerged as a result of the new syndicalism and the reorganization of workers in the re- democratization of the country, in the beginning considered the debt as one of the biggest problems of the peripheral countries and advocated the suspension of their payment, auditing and questioning agreements with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Throughout its history, as a result of the electoral defeats for the presidency, alliances with conservative parties, the financing of campaigns by private companies, administrative experiences in municipalities and states were transformed into a party of order and, after election in 2002, he was entrusted with the task of managing the stage of financialisation of capitalism, deepening the macroeconomic policy adopted by previous neoliberal governments supported by the high interest rates, the formation of a primary surplus, and a change in value. The debt system began to operate during the 2002 election campaign, creating conditions in the market that justified its maintenance, the PT did not oppose such a system, instead it deepened neoliberal economic policy and sought to build a government that would interests of working capital and the interests of the working class in a class compromise, which resulted in a contradictory government that expanded the conditions for the performance of the debt system and adopted focused social policies that resulted in the functionalization of poverty. The first mandate (2003-2010) was marked by the performance of this system with the realization of the pension reform, increase of the primary surplus, maintenance of the interest rate increase, anticipation of payment to the IMF and operational autonomy of the Central Bank. In the second term (2007-2010), with the change in the global macroeconomic scenario driven by the 2008 crisis, the government adopted an expansive fiscal policy that increased public spending and reduced taxes, causing a fall in the primary surplus and provoked a discussion about neo-developmental character of government. Despite this change in the economic environment, the debt system continued to operate, public debt was mostly transformed into domestic debt, in 2002 it represented 42.2% and external debt 18.2%. In 2010, foreign debt represented only 2.4%, while domestic debt represented 44.9%, with one of the highest interest rates in the world. In addition to expanding the capacity of the debt system through the policies and reforms carried out, public debt only grew during this period, reaching an estimated value of R $ 1,694 billion.