http://lattes.cnpq.br/8330344277109061; CORDÃO, Maria José de Sousa.
Résumé:
The Urban Water Supply Systems (UWSS) are analyzed in this work to propose
strategies for their management and sustainability through a management plan
based on multiple urban scales. The study domain is Campina Grande, in the state
of Paraiba, a relevant medium-sized commercial and services hub, located in the
semiarid region of Brazil. Sustainability and resilience concepts related to Water
Sensitive Cities are discussed considering several strategies, such as the use of
multivariate sources, using multiscale; and integrated urban water systems
supported by unconventional multi-purpose infrastructure. These strategies seek to
support and supplement the conventional UWSS, especially in cities experiencing
recurrent water crises. The methodological paths that lead to a Sustainable Urban
Water Supply System (UWSS -Sustainable) are compromised by a cycle of a
dynamic evolutionary nature and permeate multiple scales. Essential rule-oriented
multi-scale approaches to assess management management in pursuit of a
sustainable water service are analyzed. The model reveals the workflows that must
be followed using three urban geographic scales: global (urban frontier), sectorial
and local, based on three essential rules: spatial rules, biophysical rules and
governance rules. The main result is a sustainable management model through a
framework composed of 17 (seventeen) centralized and decentralized management
strategies. The strategy framework is explored through three methodological
contributions as actions for the proposed management model. First, a shortage of
water risk mapping to support the centralized system used Geographic Information
Systems based on Multicriteria Decision Analysis (GIS-MCDA) and Analytical
Hierarchy Processes (AHP). The result is a spatial fit support tool suitable for UWSS
planning, maintenance and operation. Second, the sectorization in supply clusters
employed spatial analysis and technical engineering decisions to generate a support
tool for centralized system management, especially loss management. The
clustering obtained from the supply network should include a multi-criteria analysis
x
for the final definition of technical feasibility, including hydraulic optimization and
costs involved. Finally, the study on public perception and disposal conducted a
social media analysis of the factors influencing public responses to the hypothesis
of water reuse as a contribution to the decentralized system. The results revealed
that reused water is an alternative source of water that is positively recognized by
the public, mainly due to water savings and water restriction. The study highlighted
the need to initiate a debate to develop policies to promote water reuse, especially
regulatory mechanisms and policies targeted at the degree of water scarcity. The
findings reveal that the approach that applies integrated multiscale urban water
systems management to spatial, biophysical and governance is a socio-technical
design model that drives a new paradigm for the UWSS. The end result can be
classified as a “plan for the UWSS sustainable future”.
