Impregnação da madeira de Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaerth a partir de bioextratos e seu comportamento a agentes xilófagos.

Abstract

The natural resistance of the wood and its preservation are the main factors that interfere in the deterioration of the wood by xylophagous organisms. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of solutions extracted from the species neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and angico-vermelho [Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul] in the preservative treatment of sumaúma wood (Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaerth.) exposed to biodeteriorating agents of the wood. Retentions and leaching of solutions prepared with neem leaf and angico-vermelho peel were analyzed on the treated wood. Five adult angico-vermelho trees and five adult neem trees were randomly selected, presenting good phytosanitary characteristics, selected from natural stands in the municipality of Catingueira, state of Paraíba. The individuals were chosen in a similar way in distribution in the area in order to contemplate all the variability of the place. The sumaúma wood was obtained in a carpentry shop located in the municipality of Patos – PB. Subsequently, the alburno wood was unfolded and transformed into specimens of 1.0 x 1.0 x 15cm (radial x tangential x longitudinal). The preparation of three preservative solutions was carried out, two extracted from the vegetal species angico-vermelho and neem and the other being a chemical preservative (CCB). In the study, the vacuum-pressure method was used for the impregnation process of the treatments in the sumaúma wood specimens. The specimens were evaluated in two ways: through field rot test and termite test. The chromatized copper borate (CCB) immunizing solution, in the non-leachate situation, showed the highest retention values, showing a statistical difference from the other immunizing solutions. The CCB showed the highest residual mass values for sumaúma wood after being subjected to xylophagous termites and field testing, differing statistically from the other possible immunizing solutions. The neem leaf extract, when not leached, showed satisfactory results of residual mass. For the termite test, the values are statically similar to those found for the CCB. The extract of the bark of angico-vermelho was not promising, neither in the termite test nor in the rot test.