Riqueza e diversidade de vegetações em afloramentos rochosos no município de Esperança - PB.

Abstract

The conservation of biodiversity is one of the major contemporary challenges. The Studies about the dynamics of ecosystems is an important tool in the conservation and preservation of these areas. Among the different landscapes of the Caatinga, the rocky outcrops are of considerable importance to ecosystems biotic and dynamics of Brazil. Given the need for study on the vegetation of rocky environments the Caatinga, the present study aims to identify and analyze the richness and diversity floristic of rocky outcrops in the municipality of Esperança-PB. Inspections were carried out to rocky outcrops, species were identified, were applied ecological indices; and finally a geoenvironmental and Phytogeographic analysis was performed. Like this, were registered 30 species belonging to 29 genera, belonging to 15 families botanical. The families with the highest number were Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Apocynaceae. The ecological categories most notably were the herbal extract, followed by shrub extract. It is remarkable the presence of species with rare frequency, Therefore, in these areas there is a wealth and diversity floristic particular. From the Phytogeographic analysis it concluded that the majority of the species are native to the Caatinga, and wide distribution. It was registred also, species occurring in altitude environments, belonging to the Cerrado and Caatinga. Ultimately, it found the low presence of ruderal species, confirming the hypothesis that the rocky outcrops of Hope-PB, does not exist a strong anthropic pressure. Therefore, these environments there is a maintenance of natural resources, contributing to the conservation of local biodiversity.