Fatores contribuintes para o aumeto reprodutivo do mosquito Aedes Aegypti: o caso de Pedregal, Campina Grande - PB entre 2009 e 2016.

Abstract

Deficiencies in the planning of cities, from the process of urban growth and lack of effective sanitation policies, health and housing, able to provide better living conditions to the population starting with healthy environments contributed to the appearence and / or resurgence of various types of ailments, including the various endemic diseases that follow affecting the population, especially the ones with lower income. Endemic dengue of the region, eradicated in the decade of 1950, resurfaces after thirty years causing several outbreaks of epidemics as a result of public campaigns of eradication and mosquito control that were improperly performed, devoid of important factors such as the lack of assiduity (sequencial actions), diversification of methods to combat the mosquito (only the constant use of insecticides), lack of efficiency, corruption (diversion of resources), the use of position to political benefit, lack of commitment, among others. The existence of environments conducive to the breeding of Aedes aegypti with badly executed campaigns contributed for the mosquito to acquire resistance to various types of insecticides used in control campaigns. The inclusion of the virus Chikungunya (2014) and Zica (2015) (with the aggravating factor of microcephaly) transmitted by the same Aedes, brings health complications for people infected with the virus and bigger inconvenience to the authorities to fight them, demanding changes on people's habits. Given this framework, this study aims to support the population and the government on the periods and reservoirs that contributes the most to the increase of infestation by Aedes aegypti in the period between 2009 and 2016. To conduct the research, the following procedures were used: a) bibliographical survey; b) statistical survey; c) documental survey; d) landscape analysis and; e) preparation of risk maps. The main results showed that the neighborhoods that prevailed on high risk of infestation longer between study period were the Malvinas (between 4.79 and 15.15), Monte Castelo (from 4.58 to 7, 95), Novo Bodocongó (4.14 to 7.05) and Pedregal (4.35 to 6.93). The main factor that influences the number of breeding is the weather and its variables: rainfall, temperature and light, moment wich there is a higher rate of infestation. The type of reservoir that most facilitates the mosquito breeding are barrels, which are located both in intradomiciliary part as in peridomiciliary of households.The low level of schooling, as well as non-alphabetization of these people complicates the process of transmission of the means that can prevent the proliferation of Aedes Aegypti.