Análise fitogeográfica de Bromelia L. (Bromeliaceae) na Paraíba.

Abstract

Phytogeographic analysis of Bromelia L. (Bromeliaceae) in Paraíba. The family Bromeliacea A. Juss are part of a taxonomic group, distributed inNeotropical ecosystems of South America, from sea level, on beaches, mangroves andrestingas, until altitudes of 5,000m, in the Andes. In the Brazilian territory there were two colonization,one directly from the Guianas plateau and other across the Andes. The family stands out asone of the main taxa of the Brazilian flora, sheltering about 40% of the species of this family,of which 44 genera are recorded, 20 of them are endemic. In the State of Paraíba there are three distinct climatic regions, are theyLitoral and Zona da Mata (Tropical Climate Hot and Moist, besides the Agreste Subumid), the areas of the mesorregion of Borborema (Caririsand the tectonic valley of Curimataú) with warm and dry tropical climate, and averageprecipitation of 516.1mm / year, while the Sertão or Pediplano Sertanejo, although it is Semi-arid, the average rainfall is 821.9 mm / year. The objective of the present study an analysis phytogeographic of Bromelia L (Bromeliacea), to understand the distribution of the genus, registered in the State of Paraíba, eastern portion of the Northeast. In this study, were visited four herbariums in loco and virtual, which had collections of exsicatas, of the species in study. Were found 58 exsicatas in herbaria in loco. The identifications were based on specialized literature, and by experts, aiming to contribute to the best knowledge of species richness. For the genus Bromelia L, two species B. karatas L. and B. laciniosa Mart. Former Schult. f., which are located in areas with different climatic regions. B. karatas was found in the wetlands of Agreste and Litoral, and also in t he meso-region of the Sertão Paraibano in specific areas. Meanwhile, B. laciniosa, only in the regions of the Cariris Velhos, tectonic valley of Curimataú and Seridó paraibano, which are inserted in the Caatinga domain, but with influence of edaphoclimatic variability. However, there are no records of this species in the Sertão Paraibano, due to the region having higher rainfall indexes than the areas in which they were recorded.