Processos geomorfológicos na Serra do Cajueiro, Mogeiro - PB: morfogênese semiárida e morfodinâmica dos movimentos de massa.

Abstract

Geomorphological science is widely concerned with studying the terrestrial surface, among its areas of approach, morphogenesis observes how natural processes formulate and model reliefs, another branch is the morphodynamics that investigates the current intensity in sculpture. This work aimed to analyze the geomorphological processes (morphogenetic and morphodynamic) in the Serra do Cajueiro, Mogeiro-PB, in an attempt to explain the sliding event of blocks and mass occurred on November 9, 2013. In general, the following methodologies : Search and reading of bibliographic references, field studies, geoprocessing, seismicity analysis, climatic and meteorological data processing, graphing, tables and maps. In relation to climatic data, in particular, the average daily-annual temperature, averaging 19.2 ° (Minimum Temperature) and 27.8 ° (Maximum Temperature), is based on what we perceive in the field, where the thermoclastic physical weathering generated by the thermal amplitude causes breaking of the rocks in the massif, together with this process, chemical weathering generating oxidation surfaces and occasional changes by biological action of fungi and lichens, the intemperic actions together make up the morphogenetic system of the semiarid. It was pointed out that the breakdown of these rocky materials also occurred in favor of geological and petrological conditions. The morphogenetic processes were governed by macro-scale factors, where there were important deformations of the ductile-rutile type due to the proximity of large lineaments, to the north of Patos (distance of 42.22 km), and to the south, the Northeast-Congo ( distance of 7,88km), in meso scale were detected more than 6 failures; already in microscale the patterns of rocky breaks were oriented by differences of: lithologies, material resistances, textures, foliations, and numerous joints and fractures. In the geomorphological bias, we consider the great event of mass movement, of the types: Falls, tipping, bearings, landslides. dated November 9, 2013, was made possible by the integrated characteristics studied in this work, highlighting the significant number of fracture joints in the rocky body, pre-defined rupture planes by deformative ductility, intemperic (physical, chemical, biological) processes, and aggravated by the high slope of the terrain (45-75%), causing up to the present, morphodynamic processes such as slow / gradual crawling soil displacements, falls and smaller rocky block bearings, giving importance to the vertical profile of the Cajueiro mountain range has bulging from the base to the top, disinstabilizing by gravity even more the rocks, many of these, already fractured ,. In short, this study was extremely important because of the scientific pioneering in that area, with emphasis on the geomorphological study, the researched sector has an expressive complexity of natural processes, making it possible to develop other complementary studies of different specialties.