Vínculos observacionais para modelos de energia escura através de Cronômetros Cósmicos, SNIa, BAO e FRB.

Abstract

Since the discovery that the Universe expands at an accelerated rate, in the 90’s, several attempts have been made in order to explain the nature of the mechanism that causes this acceleration. So far, cosmological observations agree with the CDM model, which has become known as the standard model for cosmology. In this model, it is attributed as a cause for the accelerated expansion of the Cosmos, an energetic component called dark energy, which consists of a negative pressure fluid. However, this model is still incipient to explain this mechanism satisfactorily, prompting researchers to look for alternative models that can be used for the same purpose. Among the alternatives to the standard model, there are models that describe the dynamics of the Universe through scalar fields, known as quintessence models. In this research, we discuss both the standard model and alternative cosmological models and how cosmological observations can be used to estimate the free parameters of these models. We also revisit First Order Formalism, which can be used to generate alternative cosmological models from a parameterization of Friedmann’s equations. Then, we present a new analytical approach to propose new and more realistic cosmological models in the context of quintessence with the presence of matter. Finally, we use some of the most recent observational datasets to perform statistical inference in cosmology.