Monitoramento da poluição difusa no Canal das Piabas, Campina Grande - PB.

Abstract

The accelerated and disordered process of urbanization that has been taking place in recent decades has had serious impacts on the health of the population and the environment. The lack of management and deficiency of basic sanitation services in urban centers generates pollution that degrades water quality in water bodies. When rains occur, a surface wash is carried which carries surface pollutants to the urban drainage systems; Pollution is aggravated by the occurrence of clandestine domestic sewage connections in these systems. The drainage systems carry these polluted waters to the springs causing their degradation. The objective of this work is to evaluate the diffuse pollution, in terms of organic matter, in the drainage system of the Piabas Canal located in the city of Campina Grande-PB. Such research was characterized as a case study, having followed some steps for its operationalization; At first, the study area was defined as the fraction of the artificially coated canal bed; this area covers the C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 and C8 sub-basins of the Riacho das Piabas Basin, according to the division made by Tsuyuguchi (2015); Next, site visits were carried out for the recognition and structural characterization of the drainage system, mapping the sewage inlets and the places where the sample collections and flow measurement were performed. With the samples collected weekly, laboratory analyzes were performed to determine the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentrations. The analyzes were performed by students from the Graduate Program of Civil and Environmental Engineering - PPGECA, at the Sanitation Laboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande. With all the necessary data in possession, the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was used to model the channel and thus simulate proposed scenarios in order to decrease the pollutant concentrations in the water body. In the analysis of the results, it was possible to verify: The concentration of organic matter in the water; the ineffectiveness of the absolute separator system; to understand the sewage inlets with the highest pollutant potential, and to obtain the change in the behavior of the pollutant load concentrations and to classify the water flowing into the channel.