Degradação ambiental e vulnerabilidade no município de Araripina (PE), Crato e Barbalha (CE) e Marcolândia (PI) - chapada do Araripe : um estudo comparativo.

Abstract

The study area comprises the municipalities of Araripina located in the Microrregião de Araripina, State of Pernambuco, the municipalities of Crato and Barbalha in the Microrregião do Cariri , State of Ceará and the municipality of Marcolândia in the Microrregião Alto Médio Canindé, State of Piaui. The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of levels of land degradation and land use, for 21 years (1987, 2003 and 2008), using Landsat-5 data and the SPRING Version 5.1. 5. Based on field work, questionnaires and census data, was elaborated a socioeconomic diagnosis of the municipalities to identify risks and vulnerabilities of the rural families, compared to the progress of land degradation. With respect to land use, the study showed that the areas characterized as dense vegetation and dense to semi dense vegetation has a higher occurrence in Araripe National Forest, where the greatest pressure on natural resources can be seen by the numerous outbreaks of fires, as detected in the analysis for the year of 1987. Considering a more advanced stage of degradation of the lands, between the years 1987 and 2008, the results indicate that in the Municipality of Araripina, areas classified as serious level of degradation had an increase of 25.45% and 8.86% for the very serious level, in the municipality of Barbalha the increase was 8.69% for the serious level and of 9.55% for the very serious level of degradation; in relation to Barbalha in the municipality of Crato, the serius level of degradation had a higher increase of about 16 50% and for the very serious the increase was of 19.66%, which is very preoccupying as these numbers are considered a great risk to degradation as inserted in those municipalities is located the Araripe National Forest, as the studies showed a positive increase of the low moderate and serious moderate levels of degradation and the positive increase for the very serious level was of 0.01%. In the municipality of Marcolândia between the years 1987 and 2003 the very serious level of degradation represented 0.0%, however, that level in 2008 represents a percentage of 17.51% of the total area of the municipality, indicative that the land degradation increased. The high vulnerability values (above 41%) mean that families have a high economic weakness, evidenced by the dependence of policies to eradicate poverty.