Análise do comportamento do sistema de microdrenagem em casos de alagamentos: simulações hidrológicas em Campina Grande - PB.

Abstract

The urbanization process in Brazil is, in most cases, with an inefficient planning for implementation of an adequate urban infrastructure, in wich systems such as urban drainage are not designed to support the development and changes of the region. This is a recurrent problem in urbanization of cities, such as Campina Grande – PB, for the growth linked to land use change and the consequent waterproofing of a good part of the city area alter aspects such as the increase of the flow speed and the volume of drained water, negatively affecting the population and the environment. Due to poor urban planning, it is possible to observe inadequate land occupations, people being placed in areas prone to flooding, and regions without sufficient rainwater drainage, generating floods in several areas of the city soon after, or even during rainy events. Considering this problem, this work sought to investigate possible causes that contribute to the occurrence of phenomena such as these in the center part of Campina Grande – PB, through simulations and rainfall-flow rate modeling, and to observe how the micro-drainage urban system acts during and after the occurrence of rainy events. In order to do so, SWMM - Storm Water Management Model software was used, which makes it possible the analysis of the entire rainwater drainage system through hydrological simulations. To observe the results, the simulations were carried out in two scenarios: the current use of the microbasin soil, and the maximum waterproofing allowed by legislation. The results showed that, similar to what is observed in reality, part of the region under study presents undesired levels of flow, and the drainage elements presented critical behavior, mainly in relation to water flow velocity. Therefore, measures that aim to minimize the impact that can be caused due to the insufficiency of the current microdrainage system were proposed, as well as the need for a revision of the urban infrastructure planning of the city, creating new instruments that allow a more efficient management of the urban drainage and water resources as a whole.