Potencial antimicrobiano e antiaderente do óleo essencial de Melaleuca alternifolia contra cepa de Staphylococus saprophyticus.

Abstract

Introduction: Several microorganisms are found inside the oral cavity and when there is a change in the variety, or in its population proportion, dysbiosis occurs, favoring the occurrence of diseases. Currently, awareness of nosocomial infections has increased and the species Staphylococcus saprophyticus has been showing a problem in clinical trials because it is associated with these infections. However, dental professionals have little awareness of its control, increasing the risk of infections in the dental office. In dentistry, natural products have been extensively studied due to the search for products with greater pharmacological activity. In this sense, Melaleuca alternifolia, a plant native to Australia, presents itself as of great medicinal importance for its proven bactericidal and antifungal action against several human pathogens. Its essential oil has an inhibitory action against the spread of bacteria, including those resistant to antibiotics and present in hospital infections. Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial and non-adherent activity of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil against the clinical strain of Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Methodology: the antibacterial potential was evaluated by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil against the clinical strain of Staphylococcus saprophyticus SA45, using the microdilution methodology in a 96-well plate in Mueller Hinton Broth (MHC) medium. ). The MIC for the oil was defined as the lowest concentration capable of visually inhibiting bacterial growth verified in the holes when compared to the control growth. Then, the bactericidal activity was evaluated, through the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the oil against the studied strain. CBM was defined as the lowest concentration of essential oil that resulted in visible inhibition of microorganism growth. The determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Adherence (MICA) was carried out using the technique of inclined tubes to the glass, in the presence of 5% of sucrose using concentrations corresponding to the pure essential oil until the dilution 1:1024. CIMA was considered the lowest concentration of essential oil capable of preventing the adhesion of the biofilm formed in the glass tube. All experiments were performed in duplicate. Results: it was observed that the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia has a strong antibacterial activity, classified by the CIM against the strain of Staphylococcus saprophyticus. The CBM of 512 showed that this oil acts as a bactericide for the same strain. As for CIMA, a value of 1:4 was observed, being equal to 0.12% Chlorhexidine Digluconate. Conclusion: It was concluded that the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia has strong antibacterial activity, behaving as a bactericide against the clinical strain of Staphylococcus saprophyticus.