Monitoramento do Açude Epitácio Pessoa com uso de geotecnologias.

Abstract

With each passing day, the incidence of a water crisis is getting more attention of the population. Due to the low rainfall rates in the semi­arid region of the Northeast, springs supplying large urban centers decrease their storage capacity and with the great demand they end up emptying or reducing both their reserved volume, to the point of harming everyone who depends on it. There are many ways of monitoring these reservoirs, but the data is mostly obtained through processes that are costly and time consuming. Some of these data can be obtained with greater agility with the help of geoprocessing and remote sensing techniques. This study aims to analyze the behavior of Epitácio Pessoa Reservoir, located in the city of Boqueirão­PB, using satellite images through a free access, viewing and image processing platform. Annual images compositions of the Landsat satellite, from year 1997 to year 2017, were used to analyze the water mirror change. In addition to a quantification of the area of the dam, through an unsupervised classification, using GIS analysis of the historical series of the reservoir environment was also carried out using the Timelapse tool of the Google Earth Engine platform. Between 1997 and 1999, the reservoir presented a decrease of approximately 48% in its area. Between 2001 and 2004 the water mirror area increased by 100%. There was a period of stability of this area between the years 2005 to 2010, but since 2012 its area has been decreasing considerably, with a reduction of approximately 90%.