Comportamentos de autocuidado para o controle do diabetes mellitus.

Abstract

in the individual with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) self-care assumes importance due to the high prevalence of the disease and its potential for the development of complications, when not treated properly. Objective: to analyze self-care behaviors to DM control. Methodology: this is an exploratory research and descriptive study with a quantitative approach carried out in two Basic Health Units of the Family (UBSF) from the urban area of ​​Cuité. The population consisted of 197 users, with sample calculated with a confidence interval of 95%, in the percentage of 50% and with error sample of 8%. Using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the sample was equivalent to 86 users. Data collection was performed using a semi-structured instrument and the data analysis supported by descriptive statistics, thus, they were organized in the SPSS software version 20, using descriptive statistics for all categorical variables and numeric that were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies. Results: in sociodemographic variables, there was a prevalence of women, aged over 60 years, 1 to 3 years of schooling, family income of 1 to 2 times the minimum wage and who live with more of a person. Regarding the practice of physical activity, they mentioned visiting the fair, going to mass and to the bank, to carry out domestic activities, but they denied the practice of running, sports, gym or walking and the presence of physical limitations, however, those who reported having limitations, the bedridden prevailed. In terms of food, they reported consuming fruits, vegetables and juice, and denied fried foods, sweets, alcohol, processed foods and soft drinks. The glycemic test was referred to as performed by the majority with an interval greater than one month. The hypoglycemic oral medications prevailed in relation to the use of insulin, in which the most used was NPH. You hyperglycemic episodes are not perceived by users and those who do reported controlling with medication, on the other hand, hypoglycemia episodes are perceptible by most and controllable by consuming some food. in the variable of risk reduction, the prevailing weight was 61 to 70 kg, denied smoking, stated hypertension and performing foot care, especially the use of cream and oils. In Regarding adaptation, the time of diagnosis was between 1 to 5 years and they reported not having difficulties in treating the disease.Conclusion: with the accomplishment of the study it was possible to analyze which self-care behaviors for DM control are most used by individuals. It is necessary that new publications on the subject be carried out, to support new studies on DM and self-care. Furthermore, it is essential that nurses, as they have direct contact with the population, guide users with DM about the importance of performing these self-care behaviors.