Volumetria para captação de vento: simulação computacional de soluções arquitetônicas para forçar diferenças de pressão entre aberturas.

Abstract

Natural ventilation by the action of the winds is one of the most effective bioclimatic strategies to improve comfort inside the building, since it is useful for the maintenance of air quality in environments, thermoregulation of buildings and physiological cooling of users. Therefore, understanding the relationships between architectural variables and external constraints, especially in a hot climate, is necessary to identify the factors that interfere and influence wind capture, in order to reduce undesirable heat gains and provide comfortable environmental conditions within the building for the development of activities. However, the higher the level of performance expected from an architectural project, the more rigorous the criteria should be, and the more accurate the assessments should be, thus pointing to quantitative methods, which architects do not have much affinity for. Therefore, knowing that the thermal gains can be softened by the architecture, the present work seeks to verify the performance of volumetric models for capturing winds, based on design recommendations (synthetic solution for a given situation), as resources to force pressure differences and internal air velocities, maximizing cross ventilation, with the aid of the Autodesk CFD 2016 computational fluid dynamics simulation program (Computational Fluid Dynamics ­ CFD), for its accuracy and practicality. Thus, the computational simulation was the process that required greater dedication and attention, since it required a great demand of time, either by the quantity of variables involved or by the own processing of results or limitations of the software. This phase was divided in three stages: external simulation ­ classificatory (i); internal simulation ­ performance (ii); and internal simulation ­ comparative and comprehensiveness (iii). In all, fifty­nine models were modeled, simulated and analyzed, which represents a sample of the potential one has, when using the design recommendations to increase the performance of the volumetry as to ventilation, by forcing pressure differences and internal air velocities. However, in order to apply these strategies in practice, it is necessary to analyze and abstract the results provided by the program, so that there is no literal repetition of the principle, thus having a quantitative support in the making of architectural decisions, contributing to a more efficient architecture.