MEDEIROS, B. J. S.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2081343135668455; MEDEIROS, Bruna Jayane Silva.
Abstract:
Malvaceae sensu lato is a family of wide distribution in tropical regions due to species
of economic and even medical importance, which stand out for being used in popular
medicine in the treatment of whooping cough, edema, hepatitis, inflammation,
rheumatism, syphilis, ulcers, respiratory and stomach problems, among other uses. In
addition, the species have several biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory,
antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, etc. The present work aimed to carry out a
pharmacy-botanical study of leaves in Malvaceae sensu lato species in order to
subsidize the quality control of ethno drugs occured in the city of Cuité-PB.
Macroscopic and microscopic analysis were performed on leaves with fresh material
or hydrated herborized material. For the anatomical study, paradermal and transverse
sections were performed in freehand, and subjected to usual techniques and
histochemical tests to reveal different compounds, which were analyzed and
photomicrographed. The family Malvaceae s.l. is represented in the study area by 13
species of medicinal use: Ceiba glaziovii, Herissantia crispa, Herissantia tiubae,
Malvastrum coromandelianum, Melochia tomentosa, Pavonia cancellata, Sida acuta,
Sida cordifolia, Sida galheirensis, Sida spinosa Sidastrum paniculatum, Sidastrum
micranthum and Waltheria indica. Morphologically, the species have leaf blades that
vary from elliptical, lanceolate, oval, obovate to heart-shaped, with entire margins,
serrated, crenate; and the indumentum is varied. Anatomically, in cross section, most
species presented leaves with unistratified epidermis, anisocytic and anomotetracytic
stomata, dorsiventral mesophyll, secretory canals and idioblasts with drusen. As a
result, histochemical tests showed the presence of cutin, lignin, and showed a positive
reaction for starch, phenolic compounds, and mucilaginous cells for most species. In
addition, the main distinguishing characters for the delimitation of the studied species
were leaf morphology and indumentum, leaf epidermis anatomy, petiole, mesophyll
type, presence of sclerenchyma, secretory channels and vascularization. Thus,
through the analysis carried out, it was possible to trace the pharmacobotanical profile
of the leaves in medicinal species of Malvaceae s.l. occurring in the city of Cuité-PB.