Avaliação da qualidade da terapia nutricional e evolução clínica de prematuros em UTI neonatal.

Abstract

Every year around the world, approximately 30 million children are born prematurely, with low weight, or become ill within the first days of life. Premature babies are considered to be those who come into the world before 37 weeks of gestation. When born prematurely, their nutritional status changes drastically; nutritional complications that occur during the fetal or neonatal stage have a worrisome impact on the growth and development of these newborns throughout their lives. This is a retrospective quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study with newborns (NB) < 37 weeks in inpatient nutritional therapy from January to August 2021 in a neonatal ICU at a University Hospital. For data ascertainment, a descriptive analysis of variables was performed using uni and multivariate frequencies. Information was collected from 14 premature newborns. The results obtained found that in the nutritional status at hospital admission found (50%) of RNs suitable for gestational age, (28.6%) small for gestational age, and (21.4%) large for gestational age, at hospital discharge (7.1%) were suitable for gestational age, (71.4%) were small for gestational age, and (21.4) large for gestational age, the rate of performing screening with goal ≥ 80%, totaled (50%) for yes, and (50%) for no, NUT was the predominant type of nutritional therapy with (71.4%), the rate of patients with NUT or PNT who reached the nutritional needs defined by the EMTN was (78.5%) however the target of the indicator requires (100%), the fasting rate > 24 hours obtained (7.1%) reaching the target (<10%), and the effectiveness rate of nutritional care found (71.5%) not reaching the compliance target (≥80%). It could be concluded that it was evidenced that there was a worsening of the nutritional status until discharge with an increase in the number of premature newborns inadequate for gestational age. The failure to reach the objectives regarding the quality indicators, contextualized in the insufficient performance of routine processes of nutritional care, could be associated with increased nutritional risks to premature newborns, increased hospitalization time and hospital costs.