Análise comparativa entre os métodos de diagnóstico e tratamento da diabetes melittus canina e a humana - revisão de literatura.

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus is an endocrinopathy that has several similar factors between the human and canine species, which justifies the investigation of advanced methods of diagnosis and treatment, so that these can be included in Veterinary Medicine. The objective of this study was to compate the available methods and those used to diagnose and treat Diabetes Mellitus in human and veterinary medicine, seeking justifications for the use and disuse of practical practices in each species. In veterinary medicine, the most commonly used diagnostic methods in clinical routines are fasting glycemia and laboratory methods such as urinalysis and sérum biochemistry. In humans, there are other diagnostic methods that are more widespread in the hospital and clinical routine, such as glycemia two hours after oral glucose tolerante test (OGTT), fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobina (HbA1C) and there are no other validated and recommend laboratory tests for this purpose in humans. In general, diabetic patients, whether canine or human, benefit from similar insulin-based therapy, diet, exercise, control of contomitant illnesses, and changes in lifestyle. Diabetes Mellitus is a disease whose incidence rates are increasing in Veterinary Medicine. It is evident that research related to the diagnosis, treatment and complications of the disease are more advanced in humans than in animals. As a form of prevention, there are the physical exercises, the implementation of environmental enrichment, and also inform the tutor about the existence of specific diets for dogs and cats, which will prevent the emergence of obesity, this factor, of risk for the emergence of Diabetes Mellitus. As technological advances increase in veterinary medicine, the tendency is for the dogs' life expectancy to become higher and higher, thus requiring new research on DM, so that better quality and life expectancy can be provided for the diabetic animals.