Estudo de tradução de legendas inclusivas em Pose (2018): especificidades contextuais e questões de gênero.

Abstract

This research aims at analyzing the subtitles of the TV series Pose (2018), from English into Brazilian Portuguese, regarding inclusive subtitles that incorporate inclusive language, which is an alternative to gender binarism in grammatical inflections in view of its contextual specificities and gender issues. Thus, the specific objectives are: i. To identify the inclusive subtitles and its linguistic and grammatical characteristics in light of Audiovisual Translation; ii. To categorize the situational aspects of narrative in which the subtitles are used; iii. To observe subtitle-image relation as a factor for the construction of meaning. The theoretical framework is formed by: 1) Translation Studies, based on Bassnett (1998), Rosa (2001), Cintas e Remael (2007), Cintas and Anderman (2009), Skuggevik (2009) and Meo (2010); 2) Gender and sexuality, considering Butler (1990; 1993), Ehrlich (2004), Chamberlain (2004 [1988]), Franco and Cervera (2006), and Snell-Hornby (2006); and 3) Inclusive language, based on Moita Lopes (2013) and Mäder (2015). This research involves data compilation from the TV series Pose, resulting on a multimodal corpus constituted by videos, images (with inclusive subtitle in Brazilian Portuguese – target text) and intralingual subtitles in English (source text). Source and target texts are also organized in a parallel configuration. For data compilation, the program Bandicam was used, allowing image and video capturing. Data was compiled from the eight episodes of the first season of the series, which were available in the streaming apps FX Premium e NOW. The data compilation was divided into five parts: 1) appreciation of the audiovisual product; 2) observation of scenes looking for occurrences of inclusive language; 3) capture of video of the scenes that present inclusive subtitles; 4) capture of the static image with the inclusive subtitles in the frame; 5) written register of source texts. 131 videos and 195 images were compiled altogether, based on the use of inclusive language as a criterion for selection. 58 expressions which neutralize grammatical gender were identified, representing an alternative for the male-female binarism. The three categories of analysis are established based on the three specific objectives of the research: 1) Linguistic and grammatical characteristics; 2) Situational aspects of the narrative; 3) Subtitle-image relation. The analysis of the first category has shown that 86% of the expressions compiled were neutralized exclusively using the vowel ‘e’ as grammatical gender ending. The other 14% of the expressions had other types of adaptations besides the use of ‘e’ to gender inflection. In these occurrences, other letters were added for the words to be neutralized, such as ‘l’, which appears to be an influence from Spanish, and ‘q’, which was used to maintain the sound of words. Besides that, two occurrences, minhe and super heroínes, were neutralized from the female form, probably for phonetic adequacy as well. The inclusive language was used in three narrative situations on the TV show: 1) in reference to gender heterogeneous groups (77%); 2) in generalizations (14%); and 3) in reference to professions (9%). Some of the date demonstrates a lack of concordance between image and subtitles concerning the use of inclusive language. In conclusion, the inclusive language emerges as a way of rethinking language through gender issues. Therefore, the inclusive subtitles represent an identity affirmation and a gender deconstruction and problematization politic in Brazilian Portuguese. Besides that, the TV show’s subtitles also represent a choice from the subtitling professional, related to Pose’s context of production and distribution. The inclusive subtitles add significance to the series, since all of the audiovisual product’s semiotic channels are assimilated simultaneously. Thereby, the inclusive language on the subtitles provides an even more political and social context, which problematizes the TV show, Brazilian Portuguese and the relations of gender in society.