Inseminação artificial em pequenos ruminantes.

Abstract

Artificial insemination in small ruminants. The production of small ruminants is undergoing rapid technological expansion, especially in developing countries. The increase in productivity added to genetic improvement is linked to the use of various biotechnologies of assisted reproduction, among which we highlight artificial insemination. This work aims to make a literary review on the insemination technique in its broad aspect; semen collection, the methods by which semen is collected; (artificial vagina and electroejaculation), semen evaluation; (volume, color, pH, aspect, mass movement, concentration, progressive individual motility, vigor and sperm morphology and, finally, survival indicators), the ways of using semen; (pure or diluted), forms of semen packaging; (chilled or frozen) and the main insemination techniques; vaginal (VAI), cervical (CAI), transcervical (TAI), and laparoscope (LAI), also observing the feasibility of using the technique, emphasizing adequate sanitary and nutritional management, because only in this way will the technique be successful, emphasizing the management adequate health and nutrition, as this is the only way to inseminate small ruminants, since the use and improvement of these techniques can accelerate production and technological development in these species, thus increasing production efficiency and increasing the development of disadvantaged regions.