Robustez socioecológica da drenagem em uma bacia de configurações urbanas heterogêneas.

Abstract

City development has directly affected the water resources, influencing the urban hydrological cycle and resulting in the occurrence of extreme events. Considering that this urban growth is continuous, as well as its consequences, it is necessary to have an adequate management that can overcome these adverse events, guaranteeing the social right to life in the city with water security (social security). In this way, it is reinforced that rainwater crises are primarily governance crises and therefore should be treated as a priority. In this sense, a new approach to design projects, called sustainable drainage (SUDS), which incorporates green infrastructure into planning, is highlighted. This approach has been studied and evaluated for its effectiveness in risk reduction and increasing urban resilience to flood events, although the governance aspects involved in its implementation have received less attention. Thus, it is proposed to interpret the drainage as a social-ecological system, which will be subsequently measured following the design principles and evaluated according to its robustness. Social-ecological robustness is the maintenance of the system's performance in the face of disturbances, that is, the maintenance of social and environmental systems, which performs the interpretation of the system's dynamics and prediction of potential paths to sustainability. Qualitative evaluation is obtained from the design principles and hydrological modelling. The method was applied to analyze a case of a heterogeneous basin marked by the presence of dense and precarious settlement, subject to flash floods, the Ramadinha Basin, located in Campina Grande, State of Paraíba, Brazil. It is concluded that the system in its current state presents technical failures and governance problems due to the disagreement, at the level of implementation and results in the field, with the design principles, as well as weak robustness derived frm the qualitative analysis with the principles. Furthermore, the implementation of SUDS techniques could ensure that the system becomes more robust, especially with infiltration-based techniques, through changes in perceptions, increased confidence, and encouragement of monitoring. The application of a greener technique can produce benefits to a stormwater system and positive impacts on precarious settlements.