Efeito de fatores extrínsecos sobre parâmetros fisiológicos de caprinos no Semi-árido Paraibano.

Abstract

Two experiments were accomplished in the Center of Health and Rural Technology (CSTR), Campus of Patos, of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Semi-arid of Paraíba, with objective of verifying the effect of extrinsic factors on physiologic parameters of goats in the Semi-arid. For the first experiment 20 goats crossbred were used of Anglo-Nubiano with SRD, no castrated, with age varying between 24 and 36 months, confined in individual stalls, fed with balanced diet, water and salt "ad libitum”. The animals were allocated into a completely randomized design in a 2 x 2 in the factorial scheme, two times: (E2) of june to august (THI=76,24) and (E3) of september to november (THI=78,38) and two shifts: (morning and afternoon) repeated in the time, totaling 80 portions. For the hematological and seminal responses were just studied the time effects of the year, into a completely randomized design. The environmental variables and the indexes of thermal comfort differed estatisticamente (P<0,05) regarding the time and to the shift, being the largest averages found in E3 and in the shift of the afternoon. The parameters rectal temperature (TR) and respiratory frequency (FR) were influenced (P<0,05) for the shift, while the superficial temperature (TS) it suffered influence (P<0,05) of both factors. The hematological parameters, eritrócitos (ER), hematócrito (HT) and medium globular volume (VGM), were influenced (P<0,05) just for the time of the year. Regarding the parameters semen mobility, energy and percentile of alive spermatozoids, there was not significant difference (P>0,05) in relation to the times of the year studied, however, there was significant difference (P<0,05) for the concentration espermática. For the second experiment 27 were used bovid, crossbred of Anglo-Nubiano with SRD, no castrated, confined in individual stalls and fed with balanced diets composed for: corn crumbs, wheat and soy, hay of Tifton (Cynodon spp.), it mixes mineral and water and salt "ad libitum" and, as source of lipid sunflower oil, distributed in a delineamento entirely casualizado in factorial outline 3x3x2, three lipid levels (2, 4 and 6%), three protein levels (12, 15 and 18%) and two shifts (morning and late), repeated in the time, with three repetitions. For the hematological parameters they were just studied the effect of the diets into a completely randomized design. The variance analysis revealed shift effect (P<0,05) for all the environmental variables and indexes of thermal comfort, being the largest averages found in the shift of the afternoon. Effect was not verified (P>0,05) of the diets on the parameters TR and FR. Regarding the factor shift there was significant effect (P<0,05) for TR and FR. For TS there was significant interaction (P<0,05) of protein level and lipid, with smaller TS for the diet with 15% of protein and 2% of lipid and for protein level and shift, with larger TS for the diets with 15% of protein in the shift of the afternoon. The variance analysis didn't reveal significant effect (P>0,05) of the diets on the parameters hematological erytrocit (ER), hemoglobin (HB), hematócrit (HT), medium globular volume (VGM) and hemoglobin medium corpuscular (CHCM). It is ended that the goats crossbred of Anglo-Nubiano with SRD they maintained temperature of the body independent of the time of the year studied. At that time E3 the goats ones presented elevation of the hematócrito, probably due to the largest liquid loss through the form evaporativa happened as a consequence of the environmental temperatures have been larger. The seminal parameters were not influenced by the time of the year, except the concentration semem that was smaller at that time hotter of the year. In the experimental conditions the diet with different lipid levels and protein didn't influence the physiologic and hematological parameters. Independent of the used diet, the factor shift exercises influence on the physiologic parameters TR, FR and TS. The goats crossbred of Anglo-Nubiano with SRD they are well adapted to the climate of the area.