Intoxicações espontâneas e experimentais por Ipomoea asarifolia e Hybanthus calcealaria em ruminantes.

Abstract

This thesis includes three articles related to toxic plants in ruminants. he first chapter describes spontaneous outbreaks of Ipomoea asarifolia poisoning in cattle and sheep in the state of Rio Grande do Norte occurred between August 2012 and February 2013, in the micro East Seridó. All areas were invaded by I. asarifolia. It is reported 18 outbreaks of poisoning in cattle and six sheep intoxicated properties also were observed. Poisoning occurred in animals of all ages, including nursing calves and lambs under two months of age, who had no access to the plant. In the second chapter of the comments of poisoning in calves and lambs lactating, it was decided to do a job with sheep in the final stage of gestation to prove that the toxin has the ability Ipomoea asarifolia passing the milk and lactating intoxicated lambs. Two experiments, one with sheep consuming the plant in the field, while the lambs remained confined to the sheep and other prey in individual pens, where the plant was mixed in the feed offered were performed. Before delivery all consumed 5% of the plant and in the diet soon after birth, 4 sheep began to ingest 10% and other 4 sheep 20% of the plant feed. In this work we showed that lactating lambs are poisoned through ingestion of milk of sheep that ingested I. asarifolia because both the experiment consuming the plant as in individual stalls can be seen intoxicated lambs. In the third chapter it is reported several outbreaks of poisoning Hybanthus calceolaria (papaconha) in cattle occurred in southern Piauí and an outbreak in the state of Pernambuco, beyond the experimental reproduction of the disease. The main clinical signs were characterized mainly by ataxia, difficulty in lifting and muscle tremors, especially during exercise. At rest or recumbency, the animals showed myokymia, especially in the limb muscles and the masseter. In experimental reproduction, cattle 1 consumed two daily doses of 40g/kg aerial part of the plant, including fruit, while cattle 2 ingested eight daily doses of 20g/kg, without fruit. Only cattle 1 showed symptoms of intoxication, which is consistent with the information reported by farmers that the plant is toxic only when in fructification.