Dirofilariose canina no Litoral da Paraíba.

Abstract

In chapter one, we aim to to know the epidemiological situation of D. immitis in dogs in the metropolitan region of João Pessoa, Paraíba. In chapter two, we sought to identify the possible culicids responsible for maintaining the disease cycle in this area. Furthermore, in chapter three, we aimed to describe the effects of a new treatment protocol consisting of ivermectin combined with of doxycycline. 301 dogs were tested for the presence of dirofilariasis by Knott method and the ELISA test. The prevalence was 0.33%. For searching the vector, we used CDC light traps, Castro grabbers and larvitraps. The collection was made peridomiciliary of the infected dog. 322 specimens of adult culicidae samples were collected from ten different species and 543 immature forms of S. (S) albopictus. It was observed that S. (S). albopicta and Oc. scapularis had the highest frequency. Therefore, either of these two species considered may perform the transmission, since they are already known as vectors of D. immitis. The treatment was performed on a SRD male dog and naturally infected by D. immits. The drugs were used isolated (ivermectin and doxycycline). The pacient was evaluated by performing haematological, biochemical analysis, cardiac biomarkers and image exams and serologic tests and parasitological. The first thirty days of treatment with ivermectin, the animal became amicrofilaremic. The serum levels of CK-MB and cTnI showed pulmonary but not cardiomyocyte damage. On thorax radiographic examination was observed by VHS method cardiac measurement of 10.7 cm. In doppler echocardiography, we found pulmonary valve insuficienty. Tomography were performed at eighteen months showed lung fields with diffuse increase of radiographic attenuation degree with diffuse interstitial pattern. Eighteen months after starting treatment the ELISA test still showed a slight reaction, further indicating the presence of antigens. Observing the treatments results, we considered that this constitutes a secure protocol, however, an even longer period of treatment is necessary so that all antigens are eliminated.