Paratuberculose em ruminantes na Região do Semiárido Paraibano - Brasil.

Abstract

This thesis consisted of a literature review that addresses the main aspects related to the epidemiology of paratuberculosis in small ruminants in Brazil and in the world considering the characteristics of the agent, risk factors, control measures, economic impact and potential zoonotic disease. A seroepidemiological survey was conducted in order to identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in dairy goats in semiarid region of Paraíba State. 727 female goats from 86 farms in Monteiro-PB. Among the 727 animals used, 6 (0.82%) were HIV positive confirmatory test after screening, and 86 properties 6 (6.97%) had at least one positive animal. Positive properties in the frequency of positive animals ranged from 5.26% to 16.60%. The risk factors identified were: type of farming (growing and reproducing) (odds ratio = 36.0, 95% CI = 2.6 to 486.1, p <0.001) and absence of technicization (odds ratio = 54.0 95% CI = 4.5 to 642.9, p <0.001). For comparative analysis between molecular characteristics and histopathological findings after four bovine clinical and epidemiological analysis were euthanized and samples submitted to histopathological and molecular analysis. In cattle A and B, the lamina propria of the jejunum, ileum and cecum showed diffuse inflammatory infiltrate, consisting mostly of lymphocytes in the jejunum and ileum of cattle C and D was observed distortion and distension by diffuse inflammatory infiltration in the lamina propria and submucosa predominantly by foamy macrophages and epithelioid cells. In all animals, the sections stained with Ziehl-Neelsen had acid-fast bacilli in the cytoplasm of macrophages and giant cells. Of the 16 samples analyzed for Map all were negative in real-time PCR, and subjected to conventional PCR for detection of Mycobacterium spp. observed positive results in five samples, two from the bovine C (jejunum and ileum) and three bovine D (jejunum, ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes). Genetic sequencing revealed similarity to bacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Considering the results suggesting that it is of fundamental importance for differential diagnosis of paratuberculosis using all available resources be they clinical, epidemiological or laboratory. And that later becomes necessary to evaluate the cost benefit of deploying a paratuberculosis control program in the semiarid region and its real impact on the herds.