Resíduos antimicrobianos e suas causas no leite de cabra in natura produzido em municípios do Semi-Árido Paraibano.

Abstract

This work was conducted in the Prata and Passagem cities, located in the Cariri and Sertão Médio microrregion, in semiarid of Paraíba. The objectives were to check the occurrence of antimicrobials remainders in the milk of goats in nature; as well as the possible reasons why the presence of such waste; track the major diseases in livestock and leading the use of antimicrobials; addition to describe the therapy adopted in the treatment of diseases and adopt the occurrence of waste as an indicator of practice management of health of the herds. For that, it was collected 240 samples of milk from 34 producers of these cities, in two periods in the year of 2007, in the rainy and in the dried times. There were identified 14,16% of milk samples with antimicrobials waste through the qualitative test, Delvotest SP. The second phase of the year, the dried one, showed a greater incidence of waste that the first, 24,16% and 4,16% respectively. Then it continued with the study of these investigative positive samples, through visits to the properties and interview of the producers, guided by questionnaire, which identified, several flaws in the use of antimicrobials, management of the animals in treatment and fate of the milk of these animals. Moreover, was identified, according to the knowledge of producers, clinical and epidemiological data, clinical mastitis in 100% of cases where it is used antimicrobials, this was caused by an outbreak of Contagious Agalactia characteristic of Sheep and Goats (60%), 30% caused by trauma in the mammary gland and 10% caused by unknown agents. In the treatment of these diseases were used various antimicrobial therapy and homeopath, which in turn, has proved most effective in treating animals with clinical signs suggestive of contagious agalactia. In interviews were also identified the most frequent diseases in herd: 49% mastitis, 17% conjunctivitis, 11% caseous lymphadenitis, 9% arthritis, 9% ectima contagious and 5% clostridiose. The presence of antimicrobials remainders in the milk of goat and the prevalence of diseases in herd are benefited by the deficiency of knowledge, adoption of deficit management practices and / or lack of preventive control measures.