Doenças do sistema nervoso central e infecções oportunistas diagnosticadas em cães no Laboratório de Patologia Animal do Hospital Veterinário / UFCG, Patos, Paraíba.

Abstract

We describe in this thesis three scientific papers related to dog diseases diagnosed in the Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande (LPA/HV/UFCG), Campus of Patos, Paraíba. The first chapter describes the central nervous system diseases diagnosed in dogs during the period from January 2003 to December 2014. Have verified in this study 354 cases (29.37%) with neurological disorders, these 296 (83.61%) with a definitive diagnosis and 58 cases (16.39%) inconclusive. The main infectious diseases were checked [59.60% (211/354)], followed by disturbances caused by physical agents [9.89% (35/354)] and primary and secondary tumors [5.93% (21/354)]. It was also observed secondary neurological disorders to metabolic disorders due to liver and kidney failure [2.54% (9/354)], and congenital hydrocephalus [1.41% (5/354)]. There were neurological manifestations associated with vascular, degenerative and non-infectious inflammatory injuries, many of which were not possible to establish a specific cause which accounted for 4.24% (15/354), which were ischemic and hemorrhagic infarcts (6/15), vasculitis and fibrinoid necrosis (5/15), intervertebral disc disease (2/15), granulomatous meningoencephalitis (1/15) and cholesterol granuloma (1/15). In the second chapter describes the epidemiological, clinical, pathological and morphotinctorial characteristics in fourteen cases of nocardiosis in dogs diagnosed during the period from January 2005 to December 2015. Were affected predominantly young and in twelve cases were associated with virus distemper (VCC). Clinical signs ranged from respiratory, neurological and skin changes, mainly related to concomitant infection VCC. Macroscopically had multifocal areas coalescing, yellowish-white, firm, elevated in surface and deepened the court, sometimes with purulent material, interspersed with irregular reddened areas mainly affecting the lungs, lymph nodes, liver, kidneys and brain. The cutaneous lesions were predominantly observed in cervical and inguinal and ranged from suppurative to pyogranulomatous. In the histopathology injury it was mainly characterized by inflammation pyogranulomatous, but in some areas there was a predominance of necrossupurativa inflammation, epithelioid macrophages and were frequently observed, forming clusters of radiated form, often reminding pseudorosetas. In the histochemical techniques were observed filamentous structures, branched, non-septate, measuring approximately 1 μm thick, impregnated on silver staining, stained in red on the modified Ziehl-Neelsen, in blue on Gram stain type modified Brown-Brenn and weakly pale pink in Giemsa, compatible with bacterial infection by genus Nocardia. In the third chapter describes a case of necro-hemorrhagic colitis in a canine caused by Entamoeba histolytica associated with infection by canine distemper virus, characterizing the epidemiological, clinicopathological and immunohistochemical. The disease occurred in an errant bitch, mongrel adult who presented anorexia, ataxia, poor general condition with 12% dehydration, eye discharge and purulent nasal bilateral. It was established clinical diagnosis of distemper and treatment instituted. Patient evolved to walk in circles, walking aimlessly, drowsiness and blindness. After three days of onset of neurological signs, also presented diarrhea with loose and bloody stools. No improvement, we opted for euthanasia. At necropsy there was lean animal with subcutaneous edema. Lungs with areas of consolidation in the cranio-ventral portions, yellow that the court had purulent secretion. In the large intestine was observed segmental distention in the final portion of the descending colon of approximately 15 cm in length and irregular reddish serous and mild thickening of the mucosa edema with blood clots, fibrin and multiple ulcerations foci. Microscopically intestine was focally extensive area of necrosis, hemorrhage and hyperplasia of villi on mucosa swelling. These areas were observed rounded structures of eosinophilic abundant cytoplasm, slightly granular or vacuolated, with core or slightly eccentric and nucleolusshaped target, which measured approximately 15 μm in diameter, consistent with trophozoites of amoebae. There was also demyelinating encephalitis associated with malacic and corpuscles intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions and / or intracytoplasmic in ependymal cells, astrocytes and gemistocytes characteristic of infection with canine distemper virus. In immunohistochemistry with polyclonal anti-E. histolytica in the dilution of 1:1000 trophozoites were immunomarked, confirming the suspected amebiasis. Among the diseases diagnosed in dogs in semiarid Paraiba, it was found that the most commonly occurring infectious representing a major cause of death in the region. Of these, distemper was the most frequent and constituted an important cause of immunosuppression predisposing animals to secondary infections resulting in severe systemic complications.