FRADE, M. T. S.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2327295678108013; FRADE, Maria Talita Soares.
Resumen:
We describe in this thesis three scientific papers related to dog diseases diagnosed in the
Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina
Grande (LPA/HV/UFCG), Campus of Patos, Paraíba. The first chapter describes the central
nervous system diseases diagnosed in dogs during the period from January 2003 to December
2014. Have verified in this study 354 cases (29.37%) with neurological disorders, these 296
(83.61%) with a definitive diagnosis and 58 cases (16.39%) inconclusive. The main infectious
diseases were checked [59.60% (211/354)], followed by disturbances caused by physical
agents [9.89% (35/354)] and primary and secondary tumors [5.93% (21/354)]. It was also
observed secondary neurological disorders to metabolic disorders due to liver and kidney
failure [2.54% (9/354)], and congenital hydrocephalus [1.41% (5/354)]. There were
neurological manifestations associated with vascular, degenerative and non-infectious
inflammatory injuries, many of which were not possible to establish a specific cause which
accounted for 4.24% (15/354), which were ischemic and hemorrhagic infarcts (6/15),
vasculitis and fibrinoid necrosis (5/15), intervertebral disc disease (2/15), granulomatous
meningoencephalitis (1/15) and cholesterol granuloma (1/15). In the second chapter describes
the epidemiological, clinical, pathological and morphotinctorial characteristics in fourteen
cases of nocardiosis in dogs diagnosed during the period from January 2005 to December
2015. Were affected predominantly young and in twelve cases were associated with virus
distemper (VCC). Clinical signs ranged from respiratory, neurological and skin changes,
mainly related to concomitant infection VCC. Macroscopically had multifocal areas
coalescing, yellowish-white, firm, elevated in surface and deepened the court, sometimes with
purulent material, interspersed with irregular reddened areas mainly affecting the lungs,
lymph nodes, liver, kidneys and brain. The cutaneous lesions were predominantly observed in
cervical and inguinal and ranged from suppurative to pyogranulomatous. In the
histopathology injury it was mainly characterized by inflammation pyogranulomatous, but in
some areas there was a predominance of necrossupurativa inflammation, epithelioid
macrophages and were frequently observed, forming clusters of radiated form, often
reminding pseudorosetas. In the histochemical techniques were observed filamentous
structures, branched, non-septate, measuring approximately 1 μm thick, impregnated on silver
staining, stained in red on the modified Ziehl-Neelsen, in blue on Gram stain type modified
Brown-Brenn and weakly pale pink in Giemsa, compatible with bacterial infection by genus
Nocardia. In the third chapter describes a case of necro-hemorrhagic colitis in a canine caused
by Entamoeba histolytica associated with infection by canine distemper virus, characterizing
the epidemiological, clinicopathological and immunohistochemical. The disease occurred in
an errant bitch, mongrel adult who presented anorexia, ataxia, poor general condition with
12% dehydration, eye discharge and purulent nasal bilateral. It was established clinical
diagnosis of distemper and treatment instituted. Patient evolved to walk in circles, walking
aimlessly, drowsiness and blindness. After three days of onset of neurological signs, also
presented diarrhea with loose and bloody stools. No improvement, we opted for euthanasia.
At necropsy there was lean animal with subcutaneous edema. Lungs with areas of
consolidation in the cranio-ventral portions, yellow that the court had purulent secretion. In
the large intestine was observed segmental distention in the final portion of the descending
colon of approximately 15 cm in length and irregular reddish serous and mild thickening of
the mucosa edema with blood clots, fibrin and multiple ulcerations foci. Microscopically
intestine was focally extensive area of necrosis, hemorrhage and hyperplasia of villi on
mucosa swelling. These areas were observed rounded structures of eosinophilic abundant
cytoplasm, slightly granular or vacuolated, with core or slightly eccentric and nucleolusshaped
target, which measured approximately 15 μm in diameter, consistent with trophozoites of amoebae. There was also demyelinating encephalitis associated with malacic and
corpuscles intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions and / or intracytoplasmic in ependymal cells,
astrocytes and gemistocytes characteristic of infection with canine distemper virus. In
immunohistochemistry with polyclonal anti-E. histolytica in the dilution of 1:1000
trophozoites were immunomarked, confirming the suspected amebiasis. Among the diseases
diagnosed in dogs in semiarid Paraiba, it was found that the most commonly occurring
infectious representing a major cause of death in the region. Of these, distemper was the most
frequent and constituted an important cause of immunosuppression predisposing animals to
secondary infections resulting in severe systemic complications.