Qualidade do leite de vacas das raças guzerá e sindi no Cariri Ocidental Paraibano - Brasil.

Abstract

This research had as a goal to analyze the productive, physics- chemical characteristics and sub-clinic mastitis within the milk of cows from the breeds Guzerá and Sindi grown in the Western Cariri – Paraiba state- Brazil, during the rainy and dry period of the year 2008. We also determined the account of the total somatic and bacterial cells and we compared the results facing the standards demanded by the normative instruction n. 51(IN 51). The research was developed on a producer farm of (the kind C milk), located in Taperoa town, Paraiba state. It was analyzed 588 samples in the rainy period and 380 in the dry period to analyze the aspects: physics-chemical (density, fat, total sodium (TS), solid non fat (SNF) and acidic level and milk production. In the determination of total bacterial account (TBA) and account of somatic cells (TSC), it was analyzed 66 samples, and the determination of sub-clinic mastitis indices through California mastitis test, it was analyzed 4.026 breast quarters. To analyze the effects in the time of data it was submitted the analyze of variable in the computer program of SAS (statistical analyze system) we considered a level of approval of 5%. It was observed that the physics-chemical variables and milk production behaved in the same way within the two breeds studied, but also presenting a difference between the periods of ( p<0.05) for milk production, density, fat content, (TS) and (SNT) during the rainy period, and it did not have difference between the periods (p<0.05) for acidic. The index of sub-clinic mastitis for the bred Guzerá was about 8.0% and for breed Sindi 13.8% . There was not difference (p<0.05) among the collection of ASC in both breeds, and for CTB we observed an effect of (p<0.05%) among the months studied, all the averages displayed inside the limits of IN 51. From the total of the analyze physics-chemical 179 (34.3%) the samples were reproved within the Guzerá breed and 157 (35.0%) for the breed Sindi because they were not according to the IN 51. We can conclude that the milk production, density, (TS) and (SNT) and fat content to the breed Gruzerá and Sindi rose in the rainy period, probably because they had more food and about its good quality. The averages of the clinical mastitis, SNT and TSC was considered down for both breeds because it is a herd without hygiene. Thus it is necessary to search physicschemical parameters to the regions to avoid problems to the producers.