Avaliação de impactos ambientais decorrentes da implantação de uma usina solar no Sertão Pernambucano.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze and describe the possible environmental impacts caused by a photovoltaic plant in the city of São José de Belmonte, from the implementation of the photovoltaic system to the deactivation. With the intention of evaluating the pre-degradation scenario and elaborating a simplified environmental diagnosis of the area of influence. With the results of the research it was possible to design the recovery of the borrow area. The methodological steps were carried out through bibliographic research, field visits, photo documentation, and Environmental Impact Assessment methodologies. The environmental diagnosis was made by gathering information to identify, evaluate and monitor the impacts caused in the areas of influence of the project. These environmental impacts were identified by means of field visits and the use of environmental impact assessment methods: Check Lists, in the modalities of simple listing, descriptive listing, and interaction matrix. The area of influence of the enterprise was delimited based on the increase of environmental impacts caused in the study area. Based on the results, it was observed that the environmental factors most affected by environmental degradation in the study area were: soil, flora and landscape. The main recovery techniques indicated to be implemented in the future were: isolation of the area; soil aeration; green manure and reforestation. The monitoring plan prepared is indispensable for evaluating the progress of the recovery, and the environmental prognosis aimed to estimate the environmental conditions of the area after the recovery process.