SILVA, C. M. B. A.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4028896373191476; SILVA, Carlos Magno Bezerra de Azevedo.
Resumen:
The aim of this study was to present, in the form of literature review, the major infectious and
parasitic diseases diagnosed in goats and sheep in the Brazilian semiarid region, the progress
made in controlling of them and the management practices in goat and sheep herds of Campus
III from the Federal University of Paraíba, Bananeiras -PB, where in recent years there has
been increase in morbidity and mortality. The diseases discussed in the literature review were
interdigital dermatitis/infectious pododermatitis, caseous lymphadenitis, mastitis,
clostridiosis, conidiobolomycosis, pythiosis rhinofacial, caprine arthritis encephalitis,
contagious ecthyma, eimeriosis and parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes. In the analysis of the
diseases was possible to identify specific epidemiological factors that predispose flocks to
certain etiologic agents. However, in a broad approach is observed that there are failures in
the adoption, by producers and professional, of control and prophylaxis measures already
known and disseminated. There are difficulties in understanding the importance of these
measures for maintenance of animal and consequently the economic viability of production
systems of the semiarid region of Brazil. In goat and sheep of the Campus III of UFPB was
observed that animals have access to food quality and mineralization, but adjustments in the
supply of concentrates according to the categories and productivity of animals are required
and is necessary to reevaluated the use of phosphorus in the feed of animals with access to
concentrates. The reproductive management was satisfactory, only requiring greater use of
data from zootechnical bookkeeping. Neonates had good passive immunity acquisition, the
percentage of deaths in the neonatal period in goats was 3.17% (2/63) and 10% (7/70) in
sheep, with identification of lamb mortality by starvation / hypothermia complex. A higher
mortality, 22.95% (14/61), associated with bronchopneumonia and endoparasitoses was
identified in the late neonatal period and weaning goats. The health management was
considered unsatisfactory in relation the use of vaccines, hoof trimming practices, separation
of sick animals, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and irregularities in hygiene facilities.
Severe outbreaks of endoparasitoses were diagnosed and were associated with inappropriate
use of anthelmintic substances, anthelmintic resistance and lack of adoption of measures to
control environmental contamination. At the end of the monitoring period the overall
mortality rate in the goat herd was 17.24% (30/174) and in sheep it was 18.98% (34/158). A
significant percentage of sheep (40.2%) had mastitis and the agents showed multiple
resistance to antimicrobials. The maintenance of the sick animals in the herd and early
weaning of lambs were associated with the occurrence of the disease. In the evaluation of the infestation of the forrages areas the total number of larvae recovered was 732 L3.kg-1 MS.
The use of water contaminated with fecal material, probably, is the main factor associated
with contamination. corrections of identified failures will allow the formation of a model unit
in the semiarid region.