Enfermidades de pequenos ruminantes e avaliação do manejo de rebanho caprino e ovino na Microrregião do Brejo Paraibano.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to present, in the form of literature review, the major infectious and parasitic diseases diagnosed in goats and sheep in the Brazilian semiarid region, the progress made in controlling of them and the management practices in goat and sheep herds of Campus III from the Federal University of Paraíba, Bananeiras -PB, where in recent years there has been increase in morbidity and mortality. The diseases discussed in the literature review were interdigital dermatitis/infectious pododermatitis, caseous lymphadenitis, mastitis, clostridiosis, conidiobolomycosis, pythiosis rhinofacial, caprine arthritis encephalitis, contagious ecthyma, eimeriosis and parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes. In the analysis of the diseases was possible to identify specific epidemiological factors that predispose flocks to certain etiologic agents. However, in a broad approach is observed that there are failures in the adoption, by producers and professional, of control and prophylaxis measures already known and disseminated. There are difficulties in understanding the importance of these measures for maintenance of animal and consequently the economic viability of production systems of the semiarid region of Brazil. In goat and sheep of the Campus III of UFPB was observed that animals have access to food quality and mineralization, but adjustments in the supply of concentrates according to the categories and productivity of animals are required and is necessary to reevaluated the use of phosphorus in the feed of animals with access to concentrates. The reproductive management was satisfactory, only requiring greater use of data from zootechnical bookkeeping. Neonates had good passive immunity acquisition, the percentage of deaths in the neonatal period in goats was 3.17% (2/63) and 10% (7/70) in sheep, with identification of lamb mortality by starvation / hypothermia complex. A higher mortality, 22.95% (14/61), associated with bronchopneumonia and endoparasitoses was identified in the late neonatal period and weaning goats. The health management was considered unsatisfactory in relation the use of vaccines, hoof trimming practices, separation of sick animals, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and irregularities in hygiene facilities. Severe outbreaks of endoparasitoses were diagnosed and were associated with inappropriate use of anthelmintic substances, anthelmintic resistance and lack of adoption of measures to control environmental contamination. At the end of the monitoring period the overall mortality rate in the goat herd was 17.24% (30/174) and in sheep it was 18.98% (34/158). A significant percentage of sheep (40.2%) had mastitis and the agents showed multiple resistance to antimicrobials. The maintenance of the sick animals in the herd and early weaning of lambs were associated with the occurrence of the disease. In the evaluation of the infestation of the forrages areas the total number of larvae recovered was 732 L3.kg-1 MS. The use of water contaminated with fecal material, probably, is the main factor associated with contamination. corrections of identified failures will allow the formation of a model unit in the semiarid region.