Resistência à meticilina em estafilococos coagulase positivos e negativos causadores de infecções em animais de companhia e animais de produção.

Abstract

This paper aimed to review the main national and international studies on the occurrence and prevalence of Methicillin- resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in companion animals and in farm animals and to assess the resistance profile of 114 Staphylococcus isolated from clinical infections. The Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen in veterinary medicine. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has emerged in recent decades as a nosocomial pathogen and as a cause of veterinary medicine infections. In animals, MRSA have been isolated in several species, mainly of domestic animals, which are considered as a reservoir of this pathogen, in addition to being a source of infection to humans. There has been a significant increase in the number of studies on MRSA in veterinary medicine in various countries. The methicillin resistance can occur in both negative coagulase Staphylococcus as for positive coagulase Staphylococcus. The phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance demonstrated by species of Staphylococcus spp. in animals is considered a major problem in veterinary medicine.The following assessments were made in the present study: resistance profile using the disc diffusion method, production of betalactamases and detection of mecA gene by PCR of 114 Staphycoccus spp. isolated from companion animals and farm animals treated at the veterinary teaching hospital in Brazil. The highest rates of resistance to the assessed drugs were as follows: penicillin (70.18%) and ampicillin (67.54%). In the test for detection of beta-lactamase enzyme 60 (52.63%) positive Staphylococci were detected. The mecA gene was diagnosed in 17 (14.91%) of the isolates, being two dogs, one cat and fourteen bovine. The results allowed concluding that resistance to penicillin and ampicillin is high in the assessed Staphylococci, and that the production of beta- lactamase was considered the main mechanism of resistance of these microorganisms. Despite the low occurrence of the mecA gene in this study, constant monitoring in strains isolated from domestic animals is needed.