Perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos e pesquisa de β-lactamase de espectro ampliado em bactérias Gram-negativas de isolados de animais domésticos.

Abstract

In order to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profile and β-lactamase research extended spectrum (ESBL) in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from domestic animals, this thesis consists of two chapters. The first chapter is a study of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. The second it is a search for the detection of ESBL in bacterial species, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Bacteria both the first and the second section were isolated infections in domestic animals of different biological samples (fragments organs, urine, uterine fluid, feces, ear swabs, nasal swabs, ocular swab, swab abscess, anal swab plurido, vaginal swab, milk, tracheal aspirates, intestinal fluid, pleural effusion and pulmonary content). In the first article 190 Gram - negative bacteria were isolated and analyzed, and 117 samples of pet (dog and cat) and 73 of farm animals (bovine, equine, goats, sheep and pigs) during the period from March 2013 to August 2014. After isolation these samples were evaluated by in vitro susceptibility testing by disk agar diffusion technique Muller-Hinton (MH) compared to 19 classes of antibiotics: gentamicin (10 μg), amikacin (30 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg), neomycin (10 μg), norfloxacin (10 μg), kanamycin (30 μg), tetracycline (30 μg), amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (10 μg), aztreonam (30 μg) , ceftiofor (30 μg) , cefotaxime (30 μg), cefepime (30 μg), cephalothin (30 μg), cephalexin (30 μg), cefoxitin (30 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg) for verification of antimicrobial resistance. The results obtained various bacteria presented multiple resistance, especially to the antibiotic tetracycline and the group of cephalosporins. In the second study were evaluated 100 enterobacteria (E. coli 60 and 40 K. pneumoniae), where we used two phenotypic tests, disks approximation, using the discs of the following antibiotics: amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (10 μg), aztreonam (30 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg), cefotaxime (30 μg) and cefepime (30 μg) and Etest antimicrobial tape gradient of increasing concentrations of ceftazidime (0.5 g / ml to 32g / ml) in one end and concentrations increasing ceftazidime (0,064g /ml to 4 g/mL) associated with a fixed concentration of clavulanic acid (4g/ ml) at the 13 other end. It was observed that the stems that were ESBL producers were resistant to more than 4 β-lactams tested simultaneously, particularly for cephalosporins and aztreonam. All tests were performed at the Graduate Microbiology Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Hospital (HV), the Center for Health and Rural Technology (CSTR) at the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG). In the three methods used in this study, bacterial inocula were prepared individually in MH broth and turbidity adjusted to 0.5 on the McFarland scale. In the first study it is concluded that there is a wide variety of gram-negative bacteria involved in many infections of domestic animals where these bacteria showed a wide resistance to multiple antimicrobial different classes. In the second study, there was a very significant detection of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae such domestic animal infections, and is also seen that the two tests have proved efficient .