MACÊDO, M. M. S.; MACÊDO, Meire Maria da Silva.
Résumé:
In order to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profile and β-lactamase research
extended spectrum (ESBL) in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from domestic animals,
this thesis consists of two chapters. The first chapter is a study of antimicrobial
resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. The second it is a search for the detection of
ESBL in bacterial species, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Bacteria both
the first and the second section were isolated infections in domestic animals of different
biological samples (fragments organs, urine, uterine fluid, feces, ear swabs, nasal swabs,
ocular swab, swab abscess, anal swab plurido, vaginal swab, milk, tracheal aspirates,
intestinal fluid, pleural effusion and pulmonary content). In the first article 190 Gram -
negative bacteria were isolated and analyzed, and 117 samples of pet (dog and cat) and
73 of farm animals (bovine, equine, goats, sheep and pigs) during the period from
March 2013 to August 2014. After isolation these samples were evaluated by in vitro
susceptibility testing by disk agar diffusion technique Muller-Hinton (MH) compared to
19 classes of antibiotics: gentamicin (10 μg), amikacin (30 μg), chloramphenicol (30
μg), neomycin (10 μg), norfloxacin (10 μg), kanamycin (30 μg), tetracycline (30 μg),
amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (10 μg), aztreonam (30 μg) , ceftiofor (30 μg) , cefotaxime
(30 μg), cefepime (30 μg), cephalothin (30 μg), cephalexin (30 μg), cefoxitin (30 μg),
ceftazidime (30 μg) for verification of antimicrobial resistance. The results obtained
various bacteria presented multiple resistance, especially to the antibiotic tetracycline
and the group of cephalosporins. In the second study were evaluated 100 enterobacteria
(E. coli 60 and 40 K. pneumoniae), where we used two phenotypic tests, disks
approximation, using the discs of the following antibiotics: amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
(10 μg), aztreonam (30 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg), cefotaxime (30 μg) and cefepime (30
μg) and Etest antimicrobial tape gradient of increasing concentrations of ceftazidime
(0.5 g / ml to 32g / ml) in one end and concentrations increasing ceftazidime (0,064g
/ml to 4 g/mL) associated with a fixed concentration of clavulanic acid (4g/ ml) at the
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other end. It was observed that the stems that were ESBL producers were resistant to
more than 4 β-lactams tested simultaneously, particularly for cephalosporins and
aztreonam. All tests were performed at the Graduate Microbiology Laboratory of
Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Hospital (HV), the Center for Health and Rural
Technology (CSTR) at the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG). In the three
methods used in this study, bacterial inocula were prepared individually in MH broth
and turbidity adjusted to 0.5 on the McFarland scale. In the first study it is concluded
that there is a wide variety of gram-negative bacteria involved in many infections of
domestic animals where these bacteria showed a wide resistance to multiple
antimicrobial different classes. In the second study, there was a very significant
detection of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae such domestic animal infections, and
is also seen that the two tests have proved efficient .
