Estudo microbiológico de cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia: análise da antissepsia com ou sem banho prévio e identificação de bactérias causadoras de piometra.

Abstract

Aiming to evaluate the microbiological study of bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy this dissertation consists of two chapters. The first is a study evaluating the effect of prior bathing, shaving and antisepsis in reducing contamination of the surgical site, as well as the antiseptic efficiency of 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate and 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine. The second it is a clinical and microbiological study of bitches with pyometra. In the first chapter, 20 healthy bitches, alocated randomly into 2 groups of 10 animals: Group I underwent bath 24 hours before surgery, whereas Group II did not undergo this procedure. Many bacterial genera have been isolated before and after use of antiseptics. Statistical significance was observed between the groups regarding the effect of bath prior to surgery, just two hours after application of chlorhexidine. Shaving reduced 26.48% of the microbial load in Group I and increased the microbial load in 41.19% in Group II, showing statistical difference. After the use of antiseptics, there was no statistical difference between the groups at any time. Similarly, comparison of the efficiency of the bath with or without antiseptic showed no statistical significance. The iodine polyvinylpyrrolidone caused allergic reaction in 15% of animals and was not observed skin irritation caused by chlorhexidine. We conclude that the prior bath is effective in reducing bacterial load just after 2 hours of antisepsis with chlorhexidine; shaving is more effective in reducing microbial when the animal is subjected to the bath and the two antiseptic agents are equally effective in surgical antisepsis or for up to 2 hours the animal did not take a bath or prior to surgery. In the second study 35 bitches suffering from pyometra were used. The average age of the animals was 5.88 years, and mongrel bitches were the most affected (62.86%). The death rate was 5.71%. Vaginal discharge (71.43%), inappetence (42.86%), apathy (22.86%) and bloating (20%) had clinical signs presented more frequently. Leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, hypergammaglobulinemia, hyperproteinemia and elevated C-reactive protein levels and alkaline phosphatase were laboratory abnormalities observed. The bacteria Escherichia coli was found in the larger number of samples (34.29%). Norfloxacin (60.42%), imipenem (52.08%) and gentamicin (50%) were the most effective antibiotics against gram-negative bacteria and neomycin (88.89%), gentamicin (84.13%) and norfloxacin (79.37%) to gram-positive. The β-lactamases of extended-spectrum survey was conducted in all isolates of E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca and it was found that the average positivity by disk approximation test and by the E-test was 80.56% and 44.44% respectively, indicating that some bacteria that cause pyometra are producing ESBL.