Diarreia viral bovina no Semiárido Paraibano: estudos retrospectivo, sorológico e de identificação viral.

Abstract

This study intended to achieve clinicopathological and epidemiological studies on digestive diseases in cattle in the Semiarid region in Paraíba, with emphasis on bovine viral diarrhea. It performed initially a survey of digestive diseases to get information on the occurrence, clinicopathological and epidemiological aspects in cattle treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande, from January 2000 to December 2014. It was observed that the disease mortality rate was 51.9% (121/233). Traumatic reticulitis and vagal indigestion disorders were common engines and it had a high lethality; the interruptions of the flow of intake caused by esophageal obstruction, impaction in the rumen, omasum, abomasum and mainly intestinal accidents were also prevalent diseases, overcoming the abomasal disorders and fermentative disorders of the ruminorreticular cavity. Actinobacillosis, actinomycosis and paratuberculosis were the bacterial infectious diseases diagnosed and the Actinobacillosis is the most frequent. The viral infectious diseases were diagnosed malignant catarrhal fever, bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) and mucosal disease. A case of bovine viral diarrhea was treated at the Veterinary Hospital and were reported clinicopathological aspects, besides the identification of the virus' Hobi'-like (BVDV-3), an atypical pestivirus. Due to the identification of BVDV-3, it was performed a seroepidemiological study in 359 cattle coming from 20 farms in Semiarid of Paraiba, with three properties with a historical BVD and mucosal disease (MD) and 17 randomly selected. In the 20 properties analyzed, 19 (95%) were seropositive animals and the frequency of seropositivity for property varied from 4.5% to 85.7%. The risk factors identified were: area until 120 ha (OR = 3.06; 95% CI = 1.43 to 6.53), high density of animals (OR = 3.48; 95% CI = 1.24 - 9.79), age at weaning until 60 days (OR = 10.99, 95% CI = 1.31 to 91.9), exchange of animals (OR = 4.95; 95% CI = 2.08 - 11.8), mortality of calves +> 5% (OR = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.07 to 5.11) and using natural breeding + artificial insemination (OR = 3.06; 95% CI = 1, 22-7.67). It is concluded that digestive diseases has a huge importance in the clinic for cattles and BVDV is present in the state of Paraiba, suggesting that to prevent the spread of BVDV infection in the outback of Paraiba is important to correct the identified risk factors and as well as it is necessary to conduct studies for the identification of persistently infected animals.