Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, laboratoriais e métodos complementares de diagnóstico de tripanossomatídeos em cães provenientes do Sertão Paraibano.

Abstract

This thesis consists of three chapters that address epidemiological, clinical, laboratorial, and alternative methods of diagnosis of trypanosomatids in dogs from the Paraíba hinterland. The objective of this study was to identify the situation of Chagas disease in the Paraíba hinterland by assessing the potentiality of the Patos mesoregion through entomological indicators through a retrospective study in the Patos microregion between the periods of 2009 and 2015. At the same time it was identified The plasma concentrations of haptoglobin, C reactive protein and ceruloplasmin in dogs naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp, as well as to determine their possible correlations with hematological and serum biochemical variables. For chagasic dogs, anemia, thrombocytopenia, were the significant variables (p <0.05) in the hemogram. In the biochemical evaluation, hyperproteinemia, hyperglobunemia and inversion of the albumin / globulin ratio (p <0.05) were recorded. Serum concentrations of haptoglobin (p = 0.04) and c-reactive protein (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in dogs with Trypanosoma cruzi than in the control group, with a correlation between haptoglobin and anemia (r= -0.6641). In contrast, dogs naturally infected with Leishmania spp presented a significant difference between the means of the groups only for haptoglobin between the Leishmania General Group (GLG) (p≤ 0.0001) and the Control Group (CG). When analyzing the groups Leishmania Asymptomatic (GLA) and Group Leishmania Symptomatic (GLS) separately from GLG, there was statistical association between Hpt for GLA (p = 0.0089) and GLS (p = 0.0238), whereas PCR Exclusively for the GLA (p = 0.0047). Normocytic normochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia, were the significant variables (p <0.05) in the hemogram for the GLG group. In the biochemical evaluation, hyperproteinemia, hyperglobunemia and inversion of the albumin / globulin ratio (p <0.05) were recorded. In the correlation analysis there was statistical significance between haptoglobin and anemia (r = - 0.2832). According to the entomological indicators, the species that presented the highest frequency of capture were Triatoma brasiliensis totaling 3934 specimens (54.8%), followed respectively by Triatoma pseudomaculata 2957 specimens (41.2%), Panstrongylus lutzi 171 specimens (2.4%), Rhodnius neglectus 48 specimens (0.7%), Rhodnius nasutus 46 specimens (0.6%), Triatoma petrochiae 17 specimens (0.2%) and Panstrongylus megistus 4 specimens (0.1%). According to the data obtained, dogs naturally infected with Leishmania spp and Trypanosoma cruzi without clinical symptoms showed significant values of haptoglobin and c-reactive protein, mainly in the anemic patients acting as auxiliary tools in the evaluation of morbidity and diagnosis in regions presenting Infection rates for both trypanosomatids such as the Patos microregion. It is also concluded that this region presents a higher triatomic dispersion rate in peridomiciliary environments that have low rates of natural infection, which does not rule out the need. Of the attention of the competent organs with the vectorial potential of infectivity for T.cruzi in intradomiciliary ecotypes in the studied region.