ALVES, J. R. A.; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3808284544729695; ALVES, José Romero Alexandre.
Resumen:
The northeasten semiarid region concentrates the majority of the goat and wooless sheep
herds of Brazil, with 8,5 millions of goats and 9,9 millions of sheep, and live animal fairs
commonly take place in the referred region, and it is where the farmers generally
commercialize their production. Agglomeration of animals is an important link in the
transmission of infectious diseases, resulting in the importance of the knowledge about
the epidemiology of diseases of the small ruminants. Therefore, the objective of this study
was to determine the frequency of the anti-Small Ruminants Lentivirus (SRLV), anti-
Leptospira sp. and anti-Brucella ovis antibodies in goats and sheep commercialized in the
animal fair of the municipality of Tabira - PE, in the Brazilian semiarid, as well as the
identification of the possible risk factors for diseases. Serum samples were collected from
233 crossbred goats and 119 crossbred sheep, belonging to twelve farmers, in the animal
fair of the municipality between November 2014 and June 2015. An epidemiological
questionnaire was applied for the analysis of the risk factors. The variables obtained were
submitted to univariate and multivariate analysis. The diagnosis of infection by SRLV
was performed by the techniques of agar gel immuno-diffusion (AGID) and Western
Blotting (WB). One seropositive goat was detected by the AGID positivity was not
detected for sheep. By the WB, 15/233 (6.44% CI95% = 3.94 – 10.35%) goats and 8/119
(6.72% IC95% = 3.45 – 12.71%) sheep were seropositive, totalizing 23/352 (6.53%
CI95% = 4.39 – 9.61%) reagent animals. The twelve studied herds presented seropositive
animals. To annually vermifuge the animals (odds ratio = 5.9; p = 0.04) was considered
to be a risk factor for disease in goats. Risk factors for the infection in sheep were not
identified. The WB technique presented greater sensitivity than the AGID, in
demonstrating the occurrence of the SRLV in goats and sheep in the animal fair. The
diagnosis of Leptospira spp. was performed by microscopic agglutination test (MAT).
16/233 (6.87% CI95% = 4.27 – 10.83%) seropositive goats and 16/119 (13.45% CI95%
= 8.67 – 21.24%) seropositive sheep. The most frequent serotype was the
Icterohaemorrhagiae. The sampled herds of goats and sheep presented seropositivity in
44.5% (4/9) and 62.5% (5/8), respectively. The intensive livestock farming system (odds
ratio = 15.8; p < 0.001) and the rearing in conjunction with equines (odds ratio = 7.3; p
= 0.005), were considered to be risk factors for the disease in goats. Risk factors for the
disease in sheep were not identified. The infection by Leptospira spp. is present in the
studied small ruminants. The seropositivity for B. ovis was tested in sheep by the AGID technique. The frequency of seropositive was of 7/119 (5.88% CI95% = 2.88 – 11.65%),
occurring in females belonging to three farmers. The intensive livestock farming system
was considered to be a risk factor for infection (odds ratio = 11.5; p = 0.005). Measures
aimed at the control of the transit and agglomerations, which enable the increase of the
diagnosis of the disease in small ruminants which take part in these events, as well as
improvements in the hygiene and sanitary conditions of the properties, are recommended,
aiming to reduce the risk of transmission of the infection to those vulnerable.