Caracterização da linfadenite caseosa na caprinocultura do Nordeste Brasileiro: epidemiologia, estudo dos fatores de riscos e tipologia das propriedades.

Abstract

This thesis consists of three chapters. In Chapter I, the frequency of anti- Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis antibodies was determined in five of the nine states that compose the Northeast region of Brazil. Serum samples of 2571 goats from 218 farms were collected between 2010 and 2012. The diagnosis of Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL) was performed by indirect ELISA-technique. The prevalence of 88.5% (193/218) of the properties and 30.4% (783/2571) of seropositive goats suggests that CL is widespread in the Brazilian Northeast herds. Among the reproducers and matrices tested, 37.9 and 42.1% presented positive serology for C. pseudotuberculosis, respectively. Among young goats, 8.9% were seropositive for CL, and a statistical difference was observed in the frequency of sopositivity obtained between adults and young adults (P <0.001). It reinforces the need for diagnosis of the disease in goat herds in the Northeast region for possible implementation of programs of control and more precise measurements in the management of CL. The seroprevalence of positive properties, seropositive animals and the evaluation of possible risk factors for CL were determined in five states in the Northeast region of Brazil (Ceará, Paraíba, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe). A total of 2744 goat serum samples from 230 farms were diagnosed using the ELISA-indirect technique for CL. 87.8% of the properties and 30.3% of the goats evaluated were seropositive for CL. They were identified as risk factors, the absence of feed silo (O.R. = 5.39); not to separate the animals by sex (O.R. = 4.16); do not separate the animals by age (O.R. = 6.30); do not change the breeder when very old (O.R. = 7.80) and do not treat the core after it breaks (O.R. = 10,34). It reinforces the need for more specific control measures, such as the use of serological tests; treatment of the affected animals and their residues and the non-introduction of CL animals in the herds. In chapter III, in the face of the great importance of caprinocultura in the Brazilian Northeast, the research sought to describe the characteristics of the caprinocultura productive system for the Brazilian Northeast, the research was carried out in 230 rural properties of 62 municipalities, by application of epidemiological questionnaire, searching information economic, productive and social aspects of the owners / properties. The observed production system was characterized as familiar and subsistence, for domestic consumption and local commerce, with low level of technification, as well as investments and technical assistance, insufficient or inadequate for the full development of activity in the region. It is suggested that these aspects be taken into account in the planning of future public policies aimed at development for goat breeding in this region, especially when related to financing and technical assistance for breeders.