Caracterização dos sistemas de produção e adaptabilidade de cabras leiteiras no Cariri Paraibano.

Abstract

The objective was to make a characterization of production systems and evaluate the physiological, production and milk composition of goats in different environments premilking. For this, the work was divided into four chapters. The first a literature review where we seek information about the production systems and the effect of the environment on the production and composition of goat milk in semiarid Paraiba. The second section consisted of a field survey conducted through visits to processing plants and receiving points goat in 17 municipalities and with the application of a questionnaire to 540 producers of goat milk, composed of questions regarding the property, herd , handling, feeding, production and marketing, the type structured interview. This study aimed to characterize the production systems of goat milk in Cariris Paraiba. In chapter three, taking into account the information obtained in chapter two, we carried out a study in order to evaluate the adaptability of dairy goats in the semi-arid environmental conditions. We used 36 female goats with an average age of 2.5 years and mean weight of 45 ± 5 kg and 18 Anglo Nubian dairy lineage and 18 of Alpine Brown, all pure, lactating and non-pregnant. The results showed that the two races had adapted to the environmental conditions of semi-arid, yet the Alpine Brown needed more respiratory effort to dissipate heat. In chapter four an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of pre-milking environment on production and milk composition of Anglo Nubian goats at different stages of lactation. We used 28 goats distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement of type 2 x2 two environments pre-milking and milking two shifts with 14 repetitions repeated in time. The results showed that Anglo Nubian goats reduced milk production environment when exposed to sunlight for a period of 1 hour and 30 minutes before the milking, and in regions with elevated temperatures offering the shaded before milking reduces discomfort Thermal and increases milk production. Therefore, it is concluded that the knowledge of the real situation concerning production of goat milk in the region Cariri enables actions to be developed in right, allowing improvements in the production and quality of milk. Farmers should have more attention to dairy herds, especially in relation to environmental stress and nutrient management. Management strategies should be adopted to minimize the effects of stress on animal production, promoting thermal comfort by increasing the production and quality of animal products.