Investigação epidemiológica de zoonoses de importância em saúde única em cães na Microrregião do Brejo Paraibano.

Abstract

The close relationship between man and the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) can have a number of implications for public health, since the animal may be responsible for the transmission of various zoonoses. Because of this, the present work had as proposal to determine epidemiological indicators for visceral leishmaniasis, leptospirosis and brucellosis in the canine population of the Brejo Paraibano microregion, Northeast Brazil. In the period from May to October, 415 dogs were sampled from the eight municipalities of the microregion: Alagoa Grande (n = 101), Areia (n = 79), Bananeiras (n = 72), Alagoa Nova (n = 73), Sawmill (n = 25), Pylons (n = 25), Borborema (n = 20) and Matinhas (n = 20). The tutors of the sampled dogs answered an epidemiological questionnaire, obtaining information about the animals, owner, residence and breeding of the dogs. The diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) was performed with the enzyme immunoassay (ELISA kit S7®). For leptospirosis, was performed the Microscopic Soroagglutination test (MAT), using a collection of 23 serovar pathogenic antigens and using the 1:50 dilution as the cutoff point. For the search antibodies for Brucella canis was performed the Immunodiffusion on agar gel (AGID) as a screening and AGID+ME as confirmatory. For the search antibodies for Brucella abortus was performed using the buffered acid antigen technique (AAT). Of the 409 samples tested for LVC, 120 were seroreactive, resulting in a prevalence of 29%. Of the 414 samples tested for leptospirosis, 52 dogs were seroreactive, resulting in an apparent prevalence of 12.6% and an actual prevalence of 12.2%. The dogs were reactive for the serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae (76.9%), Autumnalis (13.55%), Pomona (3.8%), Grippotyphosa (3.8%) and Serjoe (1.9%). Antibody titers ranged from 50 to 800. Of the 386 samples examined for seropositivity by B. canis, 99 samples were reactive at AGID, of which 30 were positive at AGID + ME, showing an apparent prevalence of 7.8% and actual prevalence 12.6%. Of the 366 samples examined for seropositivity by B. abortus, 94 were reactive in AAT, observing an apparent prevalence of 25.7% and an actual prevalence of 22.8%. The risk analysis for CVL indicated two factors associated with seropositivity, including the illiteracy of the owner or with incomplete primary education (PR = 1.57; P = 0.027) and tick infestation (PR = 1.82; P = 0.001). For leptospirosis, six factors associated with seropositivity were detected, including the rainy season (PR = 1.94; P = 0.013), male dogs (PR = 2.10; P = 0.005), animals older than five years (PR = 4.21; P = 0.012), consumption of untreated water (PR = 1.87; P = 0.043), dogs with free access to the street (PR = 2.15; P = 0.011) and contact with wild animals (PR = 3.54; P = 0.050). The factors associated with seropositivity for B. canis were age greater than 10 years (PR = 6.38; P = 0.024) and dogs bred in the yard (PR = 5.20; P = 0.035) and for B. abortus, was not to change the water of the animals every day (PR = 1.48; P = 0.033). It is concluded that the seroprevalence of visceral leishmaniasis, leptospirosis and brucellosis in the canine population of the Brejo Paraibano microregion is high and alert for the development of control and prevention measures in the species, in view of the risk of infection for other animal species and humans.