Carcinoma mamário em cadelas: achados clínicos, laboratoriais e metastáticos.

Abstract

Many tumors in dogs, including breast tumors, can cause systemic diseases and high mortality rates. Paraneoplastic syndromes are classified according to the systems involved, for example. hematological, skin, central nervous system, intestine, muscle, bone and endocrine systems. The aim of this study was to describe the main hematological and biochemical changes in bitches with breast tumors. Hematological and biochemical analyzes were performed in 24 dogs diagnosed with breast cancer, before and after surgery. The main changes observed were anemia, thrombocytopenia, hyperproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperalbuminemia, low level of urea and creatinine and high alkaline phosphatase. In conclusion, bitches with breast tumors frequently present hematological and biochemical alterations, mainly affecting parameters indicative of hepatic and renal pathology. Adenosquamous breast carcinoma is considered a rare tumor and can be classified as a variant of metaplastic breast cancer. Among the differential diagnoses of adenosquamous carcinoma it should include metastatic tumors and tumors with secondary skin extension. This invasive pattern can be explained by the existence of the scaly component of the tumor, which when present in other anatomical locations is locally invasive. The present summary aimed to describe the clinical picture, the histopathological findings and the survival time of this atypical presentation of carcinoma in a Poodle dog, 11 years old, 4 kg, neutered. The patient underwent total mastectomy due to the presence of nodules in the caudal and inguinal abdominal breasts, right and left, suggestive of carcinoma by cytological examination. After 13 months, the patient returned with increased volume, stiffness and lameness in the left pelvic limb, with an evolution of six months. On clinical examination, the increase in volume was uniform throughout the proximal region of the left pelvic limb and had a firm consistency. After staging, the animal underwent amputation of the affected limb. In histopathological analysis, the neoplasm was classified as adenosquamous breast carcinoma, grade II. An immunohistochemical panel was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis. Therefore, even though it is not common, bone metastases from breast tumors, such as adenosquamous carcinoma, can be inserted as differential diagnoses within neoplasms that reach bone structures and that this type of presentation is aggressive and has great metastatic potential.