Avaliação do comportamento dinâmico de uma unidade de compressão de cloro.

Abstract

Due to the intrinsic nature of the substances and the products they handle, the chemical process plants are subject to a range of risks which may often produce irreparable damage to equipment as well as cause serious injuries or even death to workers and the surrounding communities outside the boundaries of its facilities. Over the past decades, many chemical, petrochcmical and oil processing in the world have been facing a history of accidents with economic, environmental and human impacts often going beyond the limits of its facilities. As a result, the industries were forced to examine more carefully the effects inside and outside their walls. It was in this context that we researched the production of chlorine by the electrolysis of brine. The production of chlorine drags & lot of impurities which must be eliminated by the process of cooling, drying, compression and then, liquefaction, which will result in the reduction in volume, making transport to the destination of consumers easier. Besides compressing the chlorine, the compression areais also responsible for the elimination of the main impurity that comes along with the chlorine gas throughout its processing: the nitrogen trichloride, which under certain conditions of temperature, pressure and composition shows an unstable and explosíve nature. Therefore, this dissertation includes the Chlorine Compression System from Braskem in Maceió, where this system was simulated in Aspen Plus and Dynamics environment. We tried to simulate the model in Aspen as close to reality as possible, reaching safe levels of nitrogen trichloride. Once the model of the compression system was reached, disturbances were applied in the liquid chlorine and chlorine gas flow that entered the pre-cooler, in the liquid chlorine How that enters the inter cooler and a tlow rate of steam circulating in the re-boiler. The dynamic behavior of the temperature and level of re-boiler were observed and evaluated, as well as the discharge temperatures of the first and second compression stages. This work made it possible to have a model that represents in a qualitative way the compression system of chlorine used in Braskem nowadays. Such model can predict behaviors in situations that may occur in the plant.