Avaliação da interação biológica de substituto ósseo à base de fosfato de cálcio em falhas ósseas induzidas em tíbias de coelhos.

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to compare the bone regeneration process in rabbits through the use of calcium phosphate based bone cement isolated and associated with the collagen membrane. This dissertation was divided into two chapters: the first, a clinical and thermographic evaluation of the inflammatory process in the limbs where the ostectomy was performed, and the second, a comparison of the bone regeneration through the radiographic analysis, by light microscopy (LM) and Microscopy Scanning Electronics (SEM). Twelve adult rabbits of both sexes and weighing on average 2.49 ± 0.29 kg (mean ± standard deviation) were used. The animals were randomly assigned to two experimental groups, bone cement group (GCO) and bone cement group plus collagen membrane (GCOM). The biomaterials were introduced into surgically created defects in the proximal and distal diaphysis of each tibia, so that the bone cement was introduced into the right limb and left limb, in addition to the bone cement was added to the collagen membrane. Shortly after the surgical procedure and at the 30 and 60 postoperative days, radiographs were performed in the cranio-caudal and mid-lateral projections. In section I, the rectal temperature (TR) and superficial temperature (TS) of the ostectomy region at the D0 moments (before the surgical procedure) and from the D1 to the D7 and postoperative D14 were evaluated. The TR remained within the reference values for the species. Regarding TS, no statistical difference was observed between the groups. This difference was observed in both groups in relation to the location of the implants and in relation to the D14 moment. It was observed in both groups inflammatory reaction in the majority of the animals from the D8 and that in the GCOM this inflammation was more accentuated. It was concluded that clinical and thermographic evaluation were auxiliary tools to analyze the inflammatory process in the limbs where the ostectomy was performed. In Chapter II, these animals were randomly subdivided into two experimental moments, with six animals euthanized at 30 days after surgery, and 06 at 60 days. In both radiography and ML and in the SEM in the descriptive and comparative evaluation, no difference was observed in relation to the bone regeneration between the groups, which was verified that at 60 postoperative days the bone repair was more accentuated and intensified the neoformation compared to 30 days. According to the results obtained, all the samples were gradually absorbed during the evaluated periods, being replaced by neoformed bone tissue, however the osteopromotor activity of the collagen membrane was not evidenced.